Microbiology Systems Flashcards
1
Q
The most common infection that transmitted by direct contact:
A
- Infunza
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Lymohogranuloma venrum
- RSV
- Rhinovirus
- Norwalk virus
2
Q
The most common infection that transmitted by droplet ( coughing/sneezing)
A
- Meningococcus
- Adenovirus
- Pertussis
3
Q
The most common infection that transmitted by airborne ( aerosols , ventilation system)
A
- TB
- Measles
- Chickenpox
- Smallpox
4
Q
The most common infection that transmitted by mosquito
A
- Malaria
- Dengue fever
- Chikungunya
- Yellow fever
- Zika fever
5
Q
The most common infection that transmitted by tick
A
- Lyme disease
- RMSF( rocky mountin spotted fever)
6
Q
Which bacteria lead to food poisoning that start quickly and end quickly?
A
- S.aureus
- B. Cereus
7
Q
Which bacteria transmitted by rice food poisoning
A
B.cereus
8
Q
Which bacteria transmitted by canned food (toxin)or raw honey (spores)?
A
Botulinum
9
Q
Which bacteria transmitted by rheated meat
A
C.perifirngens
10
Q
Which bacteria transmitted by undercooked meat
A
EHEC O.157:H7
11
Q
Which bacteria transmitted by deli meats, soft cheeses
A
Listeria monocytogenes
12
Q
Which bacteria transmitted by poultry, meat and egg
A
Salmonella
13
Q
Which bacteria transmitted by mayonnaise
A
S.aureus
14
Q
Which bacteria transmitted by contaminatied seafood
A
V.parahaemolyticus
V.vulni-ficus
15
Q
Bacteria that cause bloody diarrhea and growth at 42 C
A
C.jejuni
16
Q
protozoa that cause bloody diarrhea and liver abscess
A
E.histolytica
17
Q
Bacteria that cause bloody diarrhea and release shiga like toxin
A
EHEC
18
Q
Bacteria that cause bloody diarrhea and invades colonic mucosa
A
EIEC
19
Q
Bacteria that cause bloody diarrhea and lactose (-) and flagellar motility
A
Salmonella
20
Q
Bacteria that cause bloody diarrhea and lactose negative and produce shiga toxin
A
Shigella
21
Q
Bacteria that cause bloody diarrhea and cause pseudoappendicitis
A
Yerisina enterocolitica
22
Q
Bacteria that cause watery diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis
A
C.difficle
23
Q
Bacteria that cause watery diarrhea and gass gangrene
A
C.perfringens
24
Q
Bacteria that cause watery diarrhea ( travel’s diarrhea)
A
ETEC
25
Protozoa that cause watery diarrhea
Giardia and crypto-spor-idium
26
Bacteria that cause rice watery diarrhea
V. Cholera
27
Viruses that cause watery diarrhea
Rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus
28
Fluid -filled cavity in the liver, with fever, chills and right upper abdominal pain, its symptomes of which disease?
Hepatic abscess
29
Symptomes of hepatic abscess
1. Fever
2. Chills
3. Right upper abdominal pain
30
Causes of hepatic abscess in underdevelped countries:
*Parasitic infection :
1. E.histolytica,
2. Echinococcal '
31
Causes of hepatic abscess in developed countries:
Pyogenic Bacterial infection( 80% of cases)
32
What’s meaning pyogenic bacteria?
It’s the bacteria that producing pus
33
Most common cause of pneumonia in neonates <4 weeks?
1. Group B streptococci
2. E.coli
34
What’s the Most common cause of pneumonia in children 4 weeks-18 years old ?
1. RSV(virus)
2. Mycoplasma
3. C. Trachomatis
4. C. Pneumonia
5. S.pneumonia
35
What’s the Most common cause of pneumonia in adult 18-40 years old ?
1. Mycoplasma
2. C.pneumonia.
3. S.pneumonia
4. Influnza virus
36
What’s the Most common cause of pneumonia in adult 40-65 years old ?
1. S. Pneumonia
2. H-influnza
37
What’s the Most common cause of pneumonia in elderly?
1. S.pneumonia
2. Influnza virus
38
The most common 3 symptomes of pneumonia ?
1. Fever
2. Productive cough
3. Pleuritic chest pain
39
What’s the Most common cause of pneumonia in school-aged children ?
C.pneumonia
40
What’s the Most common cause of pneumonia in alcoholic ?
1. Klebsiella
2. Anaerobes
41
What’s the Most common cause of pneumonia in IV drugs users ?
1. S.aureus
2. S.pneumoniae
42
What’s the Most common cause of pneumonia in aspiration patients
Anaerobic bacteria
43
What’s the Most common cause of atypical pneumonia ?
1. Mycoplasma
2. Legionella
3. Chlamydia
44
What’s the Most common cause of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis ?
1. Pseudomonas ( adult )
2. Bur-khold-eria cepacia
3. S.aureus (children )
4. S.pneumonia
45
What’s the Most common cause of pneumonia in immunocompramised?
1. S.aureus
2. Enteric gram. (-)
46
What’s the Most common cause of pneumonia in nosocomia ?
1. S.aureus
2. Pseudomonas
47
What’s the Most common cause of postviral pneumonia
1. S.pneumonia
2. S.aureus
3. H-influnza
48
Which syndrome characterized by Transporting of the GIT contents ( gastic acid, bacteria microflora,etc.. ) to the respiratory tract ?
Aspiration syndrome
49
Types of aspiration syndrome:
1. Pneumonia
2. Pneumonitis
50
What’s the Different between pneumonia and pneumonitis ?
1. Pneumonia is infection of lungs parynchyma , pneumonitis is inflammation of lungs parynchyma.
2. Pneumonia present days after aspiration event, pneumonitis present hours afer aspiration event.
3. Pneumonia can progess to abscess in the right lowe lobe, pneumonitis No abscess progress.
51
Aspiration lungs abscess commonly effect in which lobe of lungs ?
Right lobe
52
Aspiration lungs abscess effect on right lung’s lobes depending to the patient position.
1. In case of upright: ??
2. In case of supline: ??
1. In case of upright:
*basal segment (inferior segment ) of lower lobe
2. In case of supline :
A.superior segment of lower lobe
B. Posterior segment of upper lobe
53
Which type of lungs diseases cause by Anaerobic bacteria that normally found in the oral cavity ( eg, fusobacterium, peptostreptococcus, bacteroids) ?
Aspiration lungs abscess
54
Which disease cause: cough with copious production of greenish foul-smelling sputum, fever, malaise , loss of weight?
Aspiration lung abscess
55
Most common cause of nasopharyngitis ( common cold ) in children ?
1. Rhinovirus
2. Influnza virus
3. Corona virus
56
What’s the Most common cause of laryngotracheitis ( croup) in children ?
Parainfluenza virus
57
What’s the Most common cause of epiglottits in children ?
H-influnza
58
What’s the Most common cause of bronchiolitis in children ?
RSV (respiratory syncytial virus ).
59
Which disease in children have this symptomes:nasal congestion& discharge, sneezing , cough & sore throat ?
Nasopharyngitis
60
Which disease in children have this symptomes: upper respiratory tract symptomes followed by hoarseness, barking cough, stridor, & respiratory distress?
Laryngotracheobonchitis (croup )
61
Which disease in children have this symptomes : sore throat , cervical lymphoadenopathy, coalescing, Pseudomembranous pharyngitis?
Diphtheria
62
Which disease in children have this symptomes: sore throat , dysphagia , drooling & respiratory distress?
Epiglottitis
63
Which disease in children have this symptomes: upper respiratory tract symptomes followed by wheezing , cough & respiratory distress?
Bronchiolitis
64
Fever , headache and neck rigidity characterised the ?
Meningitis
65
What’s the most common cause of meningitis in newborn 0-6 months?
1. Group B streptococci
2. E.coli
3. Listeria
66
What’s the most common cause of meningitis in children 6 months -6 years old?
1. S.pneumonia
2. N.Meningititis
3. H.influenza
67
What’s the most common cause of meningitis in 6 -60 years old
1. S.pneumonia
2. N. Meningitis
3. Enterovirus
68
What’s the most common cause of meningitis in teens
N.menigitis
69
What’s the most common cause of meningitis after +60 years old .
S. Pneumonia
70
Which Viral cause menigitis ?
1. Enterovirus (eg, Coxsackie virus)
2. HIV
3. West nile virus
4. VZV
71
Treatment of meningitis :
Ceftriaxone and vancomycin
72
What’s the most common cause of meningitis after pentrating skull injure
S.aureus
73
What’s the most common cause of meningitis in adults of all ages ?
S. Pneumonia
74
In the CSF cell differential test of viral meningitis, which cells are predominance ?
Lymphocytes
75
In the CSF cell differential test of bacterial meningitis, which cells are predominance ?
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)
76
What’s the different between viral & bacterial meningitis depending on CSF glucose & protein ?
* viral meningitis: glucose levels are normal or slightly reduced —bacterial meningitis: glucose level <45 mg\dL
* viral menigitis : protein <150 mg\dL— bacterial menigitis: protein often > 250 mg\dL
77
Which type of cells increase in case of bacterial meningitis?
PMNs ( polymorphonuclear leukocytes : neutrophilis, basophils , eosinophils and mast cell )
* the predominance cell in bacteria meningitis : neutrophilis.
78
What’s the different between fungal and bacterial meningitis ?
In the type of the cell that present :
* fungal meningitis : increasing the lymphocytes
* bacterial meningitis: increasing the polymorphonuclear leukocytes
79
Treatment of meningiococcal meningitis:
1. Ceftriaxone,
2. Ciprofloxacin,
3. Rifambin
4. (+ ampicillin in case of neonate)
80
Prophylaxis of H-influnza meningitis :
Rifampin
81
What’s the most common cause of infection that lead to brain abscess ?
1. S.viridans
2. S.aureus
82
What’s called the infection of bone or bone marrow ?
Osteomylitis
83
The 3 mechanism of osteomylitis :
1. Hematogenous seeding
2. Spread from contiguous focus of infection
3. Direct inculation of bone.
84
Which mechanism of osteomylitis that predomintly in children and affect the metaphysis of long bone (tibia, fibula, and femur )?
Hematogenous seeding
85
What’s the best way to diagnosis of acute osteomylitis
MRI
86
What’s the best way to diagnosis of chronic osteomylitis
Radiographs
87
What’s The most common osteomyelitis in assume if no information is available ?
S.aureus
88
What’s The most common osteomyelitis in sexually active ?
N.gonorrhea
89
What’s The most common osteomyelitis in overall ?
S.aureus
90
What’s The most common osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease ?
1. Salmonella
2. S.aureus
91
What’s The most common osteomyelitis in prosthetic joint replacement?
1. S.aureus
2. S.epedermidis
92
What’s The most common osteomyelitis in vertebral involvment ?
1. S.aureus
2. Tuberculosis
93
What’s The most common osteomyelitis in case of cat or dog bites ?
Pasteurella multocida
94
What’s The most common osteomyelitis in case of IV drugs abuse ?
1. S. Aureus
2. Pseudomonas
3. Candida
95
What is the pott disease ?
Pott disease is the most dangerous form of musculoskeletal tuberculosis
96
Male with recurrent UTI it suspicion to:
Vesico-ureteral reflux
97
Why the UTI ten time more common in women than the men ?
Because the urethras of women shorter than the men’s urethras
98
The most common cause of UTI in elderly:
Enlarged of prostate
99
Types of UTI :
1. Cystitis ( ascension to urinary bladder)
2. Pyelonephritis ( ascension to kidney)
100
Patient present with : dysuria, frequency, urgency, supra-pubic pain and WBC in urine ( but not WBC casts).
Which disease suspected?
Cystitis UTI
101
Patient present with : fever , chills, “ flank pain” , hematuria, and WBS casts.
Which disease suspected?
Pyelonephritis UTI
102
Aspiration of stomach content cause :
Pneumonitis
103
Aspiration of orophangeal content cause :
Pneumonia
104
What’s the Most common cause of UTI in overall
E.coli
105
What’s the seconde common cause of UTI in sexually active young women ?
S. Saprophyticus
106
What’s the third common cause of UTI that have large mucoid capsule with (+) urease test ?
Klebsiella
107
Which microorganism that cause UTI and some strain produce a red pigment
Serratia marces-cens
108
Which species cause UTI and have blue-green pigment and fruity odor ?
Pseudomonas
109
Common vaginal infection:
1. Bacterial vaginosis
2. Trichomonas vaginitis
3. Candida vulvo vaginitis
110
Which type of vaginal infection that characterised by : no inflammation, thin,white discharge with fishy odor and present of clu cell, PH>4.5 ?
Bacterial vaginosis ( by gardinella )
111
Which type of vaginal infection that characterised by : inflammation” strawberry cervix” with forthy yellow-green , foul smelling discharge, PH> 4.5 ?
Trichomonas vaginitis
112
Which type of vaginal infection that characterised by : inflammation with thick white cottage-cheese discharge with normal PH ( 4.0-4.5)?
Candida vulvovaginitis
113
Which cell present in LAB finding of bacterial vaginoisis?
Clu cell
114
Which cell present in LAB finding of trichomonas vaginitis ?
Motile trichomonads
115
Which cell present in LAB finding of candida vulvovaginitis ?
Pseudohyphae
116
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis :
Metronidazole
117
Treatment of trichomonas vaginitis:
Metronidazole
118
Treatment of candida vulvovaginitis :
Azoles
119
Sexual intercourse increase of which type of vaginal infection?
Bacterial vaginosis
120
Which cell are vaginal, squamous epithelial cell covered with multiple, small adherent G vaginalis organisms?
Clu cell
121
Triad of congenital toxoplasmosis :
1. Hydrocephalus
2. Intracranial calcification( cotton-like white\yellow scars on retina)
3. Chorioretinitis
122
What’s ToRCHeS infection?
Microbes that may pass from mother to fetus by transplacenta or via delivery (especially HSV-2)
123
Which ToRCHeS infection occurs during the delivery ?
HSV-2
124
ToRCHeS infection:
1. T- toxoplasmosis
2. O-other: parvovirus B-19, VZV, listeria
3. R- rubella
4. C -CMV
5. H- HSV-2, HIV
6. S-syphalis
7. + new one addition: zika virus
125
What’s the sexually transmitted infection that characterised by opportunistic infection, kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma?
AIDS
126
What’s the sexually transmitted infection that characterised by painful genital ulcer with exudate, inguinal adenopathy ?
Chancroid
127
What’s the sexually transmitted infection that characterised by urethrits, cevicitis , epididymitis, conjunctivitis, reactive arthritis , PID?
Chlamydia disease(c.trachomatis )
128
What’s the sexually transmitted infection that characterised by genital warts, koilcytes?
Codylomata acuminata
129
What’s the sexually transmitted infection that characterised by :painful penile, vulvar or cervical vesicles and ulcer ?
Genital herpes
130
What’s the sexually transmitted infection that characterised by urithritis , cervicitis, PID , prostatitis , epididymitis, arthritis , creamy purulent discharge?
Gonorrhea
131
What’s the sexually transmitted infection that characterised by painless, beefy red ulcer that bleeds readily on contact?
Granuloma inginale
132
Which organism characterised by donovan bodies (bipolar staining) seen on microscopy?
Klebsiella granulomatis
133
What’s the sexually transmitted infection that characterised by :jaundice
Hapatitis B
134
What’s the sexually transmitted infection that characterised by infection of lymphatics,painless genital ulcer, painful lymphoadenopathy ?
Lymphogranuloma venrum
135
What’s the sexually transmitted infection that characterised by painless chancre?
Primary syphilis
136
What’s the sexually transmitted infection that characterised by fever, lymphoadenopathy , skin rash, condylomata lata?
Secondary syphilis
137
What’s the sexually transmitted infection that characterised by gummas, tabes dorsalis general paresis, aortitis, argyll robetson pupile (prostitute pupile)?
Tertiary syphilis
138
What’s the sexually transmitted infection that characterised by vaginitis , strawberry cervix, motile in wet prep ?
Trichomoniasis
139
Different between chancre and chancroid:
Chancre painless ulcer, no lymphoadenopathy—chancroid: painfull ulcer with lymphoadenopathy
140
Which disease characterised by: purulent or mucopurulent discharge, friable cervix with easy bleeding ?
Gonococcal cervicitis
141
Diagnosis of Gonococcal cervicitis:
Nucleic acid amplification testing
142
Treatment of Gonococcal cervicitis:
3rd generation of cephalosporin + azithromycin or doxycycline
143
Genital ulcer diseases:
1. Syphilis
2. Genital herpes
3. Chanroid
4. Granuloma inguinale ( donovanosis)
144
Which genital ulcer disease that characterised by painless , progressive, red serepiginous ulcerative lesions without lymphoadenopathy ?
Granuloma inguinale
145
Which genital ulcer disease that characterised by mutiple ,painful superfacial vesicles or ulceration with erythematous base?
Genital herpes (HSV)
146
Caustive agent of syphilis
Treponema pallidum
147
Caustive agent of genital herpes :
HSV
148
Caustive agent of chanroid
Haemophilius ducreyi
149
Caustive agent of granuloma inguinale
Klebsiella
150
Diagnosis test of syphilis
1. VDRL\RPR
2. Darkfield microscopy
151
Diagnosis test of genital herpes
1. PCR
2. Tzanck smear
152
Diagnosis test of chancroid
1. Gram stain & culture
2. PCR
153
Diagnosis test of granuloma inguinalis
1. Gram stain & culture
2. Biopsy ( donovan bodies)
154
Causes of (PID)pelvic inflammatory disease
1. Chlamydia trachomatis.
2. N.gonorrhea
155
Subacute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) cause by :
Chlamydia trachomatis
156
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) cause by:
N.gonorrhea
157
Which disease have this presentaion : cervical motion tnderness , purulent cervical discharge, also may include salpingitis, endometritis, hydrosalpinx, and tubo-ovarian abscess :?
PID
158
Salpingitis of PID is a risk factor for:
1. Ectopic pregnance
2. Infertility
3. Adhesion
159
What’s the fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome ?
Infection of the liver capsule ( fibrosis of hepatic capsule ) and violin string adhesiuon of peritoneum to liver
160
Which syndrome characterised by infection of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of peritoneum to liver?
Fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome
161
Symptomes of PID:
1. Lower abdominal pain
2. Abdominal bleeding
162
Treatment of PID:
3rd generaltion of cephalosporin + azithromycin or doxycycline
( like the treatment of gonococcal cervicitis)
163
What’s the cause agent of Hand-foot-mouth disease?
Coxsackievirus type A
164
What’s the caustive agent of roseola ( exanthem subitum)
HHV-6
165
What’s the cause agent of erythema infectiosum ?
Parvovirus B-19
166
What’s the cause agent of german measles
Rubella virus
167
What’s the cause agent of scarlet fever
S.pyogenes
168
What’s the cause agent of chickenpox
VZV
169
Which disease have the following clinical presentaion: oval shaped vesicles on palms and soles, vesicles and ulcer in oral mucosa
Hand-foot -mouth disease
170
Which disease have the following clinical presentaion: asymtomatic rose colored macules appers on the body after several days of hight fever , can present with febrile seizures , usually affects infant.
Roseola ( exanthem subitum)
171
Which disease have the following clinical presentaion: confluent rash beginning at head and moving down, preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and blue-white spots(koplik spots) on buccal mucosa
Rubeola Measles
172
Which disease have the following clinical presentaion: slapped cheek , rash on face, can cause hydro fetalis in pregnant women.
Parvovirus B-19
173
Which disease have the following clinical presentaion: pink macules and papules begin at head and moving down, remain discrete- fine desquamating truncal rash, postauricular lymphoadenopathy
German measles (rubella)
174
Which disease have the following clinical presentaion: eythematous, sandpaper-like rash, with fever and sore throat
Scarlet fever
175
Which disease have the following clinical presentaion: vesicular rash begin on trunk, spreads to face and extremitis with lesions of different stages
Chickenpox
176
Diseases that cause red rash in childhood:
1. Hand-foot-mouth disease
2. Roseola
3. Measles
4. Erythema infectiosum
5. German measles (rubella)
6. Scarlet fever
7. Chickenpox
177
What’s the two most common causesof nosocomial infection?
1. E.coli
2. S.aureus (wound infection)
178
What the most common cause of infection in case of antibiotics use ?
C.difficile
179
What the most common cause of infection in case of aspiration?
1. Polymicrobial
2. Gram (-) bacteria,
3. Anaerobes
180
What the most common cause of infection in case of decubitus ulcer, surgical wound , drains ?
1. S.aureus
2. Gram (-) anaerobes: bacteroids, prevotella, fusobacterium.
181
What the most common cause of infection in case of intravascular catheters ?
1. S.aureus
2. S.epidermides
3. Enterobacter
182
What the most common cause of infection in case of mechanical ventilation, endotracheal intubation ?
1. Pseudomonas
2. Klebsiella
3. S. Aureus
183
What the most common cause of infection in case of renal dialysis unit , needlestick?
1. HBV
2. HCV
184
What the most common cause of infection in case of urinary catheterization ?
1. E.coli
2. Klebsiella
3. Proteus
185
What the most common cause of infection in case of water aerosols ?
Legionella
186
What’s the most common cause of rash in unvaccinated children ?
1. Rubella
2. Measles
187
What’s the most common cause of meningitis in unvaccinated children ?
1. H-influnza type B
2. Poliovirus
188
What’s the most common cause of epiglottits in unvaccinated children ?
H-influnza type B
189
Unvaccinated child present with: microbe colonizes the nasopharynx, what’s the caustive agent of this finding ?
H-influnza type B that cause meninigitis in this case
190
Unvaccinated child present with: fever with dysphagia , drooling and diffeculty to breathing due to edematous. “Cherry red” epiglottits , “thumbprint sign” on X-ray. What’s the caustive agent of this finding ?
H-influnza type B that cause epiglottitis in this case
191
Unvaccinated child present with: grayish oropharyngeal exudate (“pseudomembranes” may obstruct airway ), painful throat.
What’s the caustive agent of this finding ?
C. Diphtheriae thac cause pharyngitis
192
What’s the dermatological disease that infects the unvaccinated children ?
Rash
193
What’s the neurological disease that infects the unvaccinated children ?
Meningitis
194
What’s the respiratory diseases that infects the unvaccinated children ?
1. Epiglottitis.
2. Pharyngitis
195
The most common causae of infection in case of cat & dog bite:
Pasteurella
196
The most common cause of infection in case of human bite :
1. Anaerobes
2. Streptococci
197
Which organism characteristic by mouse-like odor (indole= positive species )?
Pasteurella
198
Which organism can cause epiglottits in unvaccinated children and also capable of causing epiglottits in fully immunized children ?
H-influnza type B
199
Which organism can cause rash preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and blue-white(koplik) spots on buccal mucosa in unvaccinated children ?
Measles virus
200
Which organism can cause neurologic disease, can also lead to myalgia and paralysis ?
Poliovirus
