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Microbiology > Hepatitis & HIV > Flashcards

Hepatitis & HIV Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Different between viral and alcoholic hepatitis?

A
  1. In viral hepatitis ALT more than AST

2. In alcoholiv hepatitis AST more than ALT

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2
Q

Hepatitis that Feco-oral transmittion :

A
  1. HAV, HEV
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3
Q

Hepatitis that transmitted by Blood tranfusion

A

HBV HCV HDV

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4
Q

Hepatitis that transmitted by sexual

A

HBV HDV

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5
Q

Nonenveloped hepatitis

A

HAV, HEV

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6
Q

Hepatitis that cause chronic infection with long incubation period

A

HBV, HCV

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7
Q

Hepatitis superinfection (short incubation period)

A

HDV after infection by HBV

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8
Q

Hepatitis coinfection (long incubation period)

A

HDV with HBV

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9
Q

Hepatitis that present as serum sickness

A

HBV

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10
Q

Triad of serum sickness

A
  1. Fever
  2. Arthlagia
  3. Rash
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11
Q

Hepatitis that infect the pregnant women

A

HEV

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12
Q

Which hepatitis virus characteristic by ground gass apperance?

A

HBV

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13
Q

Which hepatitis virus characteristic by councilman bodies?

A

HAV

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14
Q

Which hepatitis virus characteristic by lymphoid aggregates ?

A

HCV

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15
Q

Which hepatits cause hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

HBV HCV

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16
Q

How HCV cause hepatocellualr carcinoma?

A

By chronic inflammation ( chronic cirrhosis)

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17
Q

How HBV cause hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Due to HBV is DNA virus that can pentration the genome of the cell and integration with the genome ( act as oncogen) therfore the cell produce protein from it that act as carcingen.

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18
Q

What’s meaning of steatosis ?

A

defect on DNA that form APO protein lead to Increasing of triglyceride in the cell

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19
Q

Types of steatosis

A
  1. Microvasular

2. Macrovascular

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20
Q

Microvascular steatosis result of

A

Rey’s syndrome

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21
Q

Causes of macrovascular steatosis

A
  1. Alcoholic

2. HCV

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22
Q

Macrovascular steatosis + lymphoid aggregation cause by:

A

HCV

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23
Q

Which hepatitis have carriers state ?

A

HBV and HCV

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24
Q

Essintial mixed cryoglobulinmia associated with which type of hepatitis?

A

HCV

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25
Q

Which type. Of hypersinsivity result of essential mixed cryoglubulinemia?

A

Type 3 hypersinsivity

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26
Q

Symptomes of essintial mixed cryoglobulenmia:

A
  1. Palpable purpura
  2. Arthalgia
  3. Weakness
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27
Q

Two causes of papable purpura:

A
  1. Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia

2. Henoch-schonien purpura

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28
Q

Which Ig deposited in Henoch-schonien purpura?

A

IgA

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29
Q

Which Ig deposited in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia?

A

IgM, IgG

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30
Q

Most common cause of palpable purpura in children:

A

Henoch-schonien purpura

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31
Q

Nephrotic syndrome +subepithelium deposion + spike dome =

A

Membranous glumerlonephritis

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32
Q

Common cause of membranus glumerlonephritis in adult:

A

Systemic lupus erthromatosis

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33
Q

Sephritic syndrome + sub endothelium deposion + tram track apperance + splitting =

A

Membranoproliferation glumerlunephritis

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34
Q

Most common cause of membranoproliferative glumerunephritis?

A

Acute poststreptococcal glumerlonephritis

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35
Q

Henoch-schonien purpura symptomes:

A
  1. Papable purpura
  2. Arthralgia
  3. GIT symptomes
36
Q

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis also called:

A

Hypersinsivity vasculitis

37
Q

Hypersinsivity vasculitis its like Henoch-schonien purpura but with two manifestations more than HSP..
What’s the different between them ?

A
  1. Hypersivity vasculitis appers in person more than 16 years old\ HSP> 16 y.o
  2. Skin biopsy: HSP—IgA , hypersinsivity vasculitis : neutrophils around the arterioles and venioules
38
Q

Prophyria cutanea tarda types:

A
  1. Heridatory

2. Sporadic

39
Q

Which enzyme damge in Prophyria cutanea tarda ?

A

Uroprophyrenogen decarboxylase in the liver

40
Q

Damge of Uroprophyrenogen decarboxylase in the liver lead to

A

Chronic liver failure

41
Q

Symptomes of prophyria cutanea tarda:

A
  1. Photosensivity

2. Chronic live failure

42
Q

Partially double stranded circular DNA virus:

A

HBV

43
Q

HBV convert from partially circular to complete circular by:

A

Polymerase

44
Q

What’s meaning of surface AG ?

A

When the virus pentrate the cell and keeping the enveloped on the surface of the host cell (uncoating)

45
Q

Present of surface AG more than 6 months its mean ?

A

Chronic infection

46
Q

Present of AB refer to :

A
  1. Immunity
  2. Recovery
  3. Vaccination
47
Q

(+) E antigen refer to

A

“Infectivity “

  1. High replication
  2. High transmition
48
Q

HBV steps (3)

A
  1. Surface AG
  2. Window period
  3. Surface AB
49
Q

Window period of HBV diagnosis by :

A

Core ( anti-HBc )

50
Q

IgM of anti HBc refer to

A

Acute or recent infection. (+) marker during the windo period

51
Q

From where the “ E antigen ” produced in case of HBV infection ?

A

Its produce from the live in case of present of HBV inside the liver and replicated inside it

52
Q

HBs(surface) Ab refer to

A

Immunisation ( vaccination)

53
Q

Present of 3 Ab : HBs Ab+ HBe Ab +HBc Ab refer to :

A

Recovery

54
Q

Reverse transcriptase present in which viruses ?

A
  1. HIV

2. HBV

55
Q

Why their is no vaccine aginst HIV?

A

Due to hypervairable region, this region become mutant every time , so the antibodies can’t recognized the gp-120 after mutation.

56
Q

Glycoprotein of HIV :

A

Gp-41, gp-120 togther called gp160

57
Q

Function of gp-120

A

Attachment to CD4 and co-receptor.

58
Q

Types of coreceptor that bing to it the gp120 of HIV:

A
  1. CXCR-4: in T-helper

2. CCR-5: in macrophage , monocytes, dendretic cells

59
Q

Mechanism of Miravroc drugs:

A

Block the CCR5➡️ inhibit of the HIV attachment

60
Q

Enzymes oh HIV

A
  1. Reverse transcriptase
  2. Intigrase
  3. Protease
61
Q

Gene of HIV:

A
  1. Gag
  2. Pol
  3. Env
62
Q

Gag gene produce:

A

Nucleucapsule protein( p24, p17)

63
Q

Pol. Gene produce:

A

The 3 enzymes of HIV

64
Q

Env gene of HIV produce :

A

Envelop proteins: gp160: gp120, gp41

65
Q

Reverse transcriptase enzyme make copy of RNA by :

A

RNA dependent DNA polymerase activity

66
Q

Reverse transcriptase enzyme destroid the RNA by:

A

RNA “H” activity

67
Q

Function of Integrase enzyme of HIV :

A

Integrate the DNA of the virus with the DNA of the target cell

68
Q

Poli protein it’s non functional protein.

Protease cut the poli protein to 3 fanctional proteins:

A
  1. P24
  2. p17
  3. P7
69
Q

Capsid protein of HIV :

A

P24 P7

70
Q

Matrix protein of HIV :

A

P17

71
Q

Normal CD4 count

A

500-1500

72
Q

AIDS diagnosis :

A
  1. CD4 <200

2. HIV(+)

73
Q

Latent period of HIV characteristics by:

A
  1. ⬆️ CD8

2. ⬇️ viral load

74
Q

Effect of HIV on the brain :

  1. If CD4 [100-200]
  2. If CD4<100
A
  1. If CD4 100-200 : dementia

2. If CD4<100 : toxoplasmosis ,CNS lymphoma

75
Q

Causes of pneumona in HIV patient :

  1. In case of normal CD4
  2. In case of CD4<200
A
  1. In case of normal CD4 :s.pneumonea

2. In case of CD4<200 : Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

76
Q

What’s the disease that cause by HIV and candida togther if:

  1. CD4<500
  2. CD4 <100
A
  1. CD4<500 :oral thrus

2. CD4 <100 : esophageal candidiasis

77
Q

Esophagitis ih HIV cause by:

A
  1. Candida albicanis : white plaque.
  2. HSV-1 : punched-out ulcer.
  3. CMV: linear ulcer.
78
Q

HIV+EBV:

  1. CD4<500
  2. CD4<100
A
  1. CD4<500 : oral hairy leuko-plakia

2. CD4<100: CNS lymphoma

79
Q

Anti-Retroviral therapy [ART]: mechanism

A

Inhibit pol gene enzyme of HIV

80
Q

During the pregnance the woman most take which drug to decrease the risk of HIV ?

A

Anti-Retroviral therapy (AVA)

81
Q

ELISA test used in HIV to :

A

Detect the antibodies directly aginst P24

82
Q

Initial(secreting) test for HIV:

A

ELISA

83
Q

Conformed test for HIV:

A

Wester blot

84
Q

Viral load test of HIV :

A

PCR

85
Q

PCR used in HIV for:

A
  1. Neonate
  2. Viral load
  3. Effective of the drugs
  4. HIV genotype
86
Q

Common diseases of HIV(+) in adult:

A
  1. Risk of reactivation of past infection :TB, HSV, shingles.
  2. Dissmination of bacterial infection.
  3. Fungal infection
  4. Non-hodkin lymphoma.
87
Q

What’s the past infection that reactivation in case of possitive HIV in adults ?

A

1.TB
2. HSV
3. Shingles
Etc..

Microbiology (13 decks)

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