1. Microvasular 2. Macrovascular

Hepatitis & HIV Flashcards by Montaser Lahwani

Different between viral and alcoholic hepatitis?

In viral hepatitis ALT more than AST

2. In alcoholiv hepatitis AST more than ALT

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Hepatitis that Feco-oral transmittion :

HAV, HEV

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Hepatitis that transmitted by Blood tranfusion

HBV HCV HDV

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Hepatitis that transmitted by sexual

HBV HDV

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Nonenveloped hepatitis

HAV, HEV

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Hepatitis that cause chronic infection with long incubation period

HBV, HCV

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Hepatitis superinfection (short incubation period)

HDV after infection by HBV

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Hepatitis coinfection (long incubation period)

HDV with HBV

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Hepatitis that present as serum sickness

HBV

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Triad of serum sickness

Fever
Arthlagia
Rash

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Hepatitis that infect the pregnant women

HEV

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Which hepatitis virus characteristic by ground gass apperance?

HBV

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Which hepatitis virus characteristic by councilman bodies?

HAV

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Which hepatitis virus characteristic by lymphoid aggregates ?

HCV

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Which hepatits cause hepatocellular carcinoma?

HBV HCV

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How HCV cause hepatocellualr carcinoma?

By chronic inflammation ( chronic cirrhosis)

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How HBV cause hepatocellular carcinoma?

Due to HBV is DNA virus that can pentration the genome of the cell and integration with the genome ( act as oncogen) therfore the cell produce protein from it that act as carcingen.

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What’s meaning of steatosis ?

defect on DNA that form APO protein lead to Increasing of triglyceride in the cell

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Types of steatosis

Microvasular

2. Macrovascular

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Microvascular steatosis result of

Rey’s syndrome

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Causes of macrovascular steatosis

Alcoholic

2. HCV

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Macrovascular steatosis + lymphoid aggregation cause by:

HCV

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Which hepatitis have carriers state ?

HBV and HCV

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Essintial mixed cryoglobulinmia associated with which type of hepatitis?

HCV

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Which type. Of hypersinsivity result of essential mixed cryoglubulinemia?

Type 3 hypersinsivity

Symptomes of essintial mixed cryoglobulenmia:

1. Palpable purpura 2. Arthalgia 3. Weakness

Two causes of papable purpura:

1. Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia | 2. Henoch-schonien purpura

Which Ig deposited in Henoch-schonien purpura?

IgA

Which Ig deposited in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia?

IgM, IgG

Most common cause of palpable purpura in children:

Henoch-schonien purpura

Nephrotic syndrome +subepithelium deposion + spike dome =

Membranous glumerlonephritis

Common cause of membranus glumerlonephritis in adult:

Systemic lupus erthromatosis

Sephritic syndrome + sub endothelium deposion + tram track apperance + splitting =

Membranoproliferation glumerlunephritis

Most common cause of membranoproliferative glumerunephritis?

Acute poststreptococcal glumerlonephritis

Henoch-schonien purpura symptomes:

1. Papable purpura 2. Arthralgia 3. GIT symptomes

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis also called:

Hypersinsivity vasculitis

Hypersinsivity vasculitis its like Henoch-schonien purpura but with two manifestations more than HSP.. What’s the different between them ?

1. Hypersivity vasculitis appers in person more than 16 years old\ HSP> 16 y.o 2. Skin biopsy: HSP—IgA , hypersinsivity vasculitis : neutrophils around the arterioles and venioules

Prophyria cutanea tarda types:

1. Heridatory | 2. Sporadic

Which enzyme damge in Prophyria cutanea tarda ?

Uroprophyrenogen decarboxylase in the liver

Damge of Uroprophyrenogen decarboxylase in the liver lead to

Chronic liver failure

Symptomes of prophyria cutanea tarda:

1. Photosensivity | 2. Chronic live failure

Partially double stranded circular DNA virus:

HBV

HBV convert from partially circular to complete circular by:

Polymerase

What’s meaning of surface AG ?

When the virus pentrate the cell and keeping the enveloped on the surface of the host cell (uncoating)

Present of surface AG more than 6 months its mean ?

Chronic infection

Present of AB refer to :

1. Immunity 2. Recovery 3. Vaccination

(+) E antigen refer to

“Infectivity “ 1. High replication 2. High transmition

HBV steps (3)

1. Surface AG 2. Window period 3. Surface AB

Window period of HBV diagnosis by :

Core ( anti-HBc )

IgM of anti HBc refer to

Acute or recent infection. (+) marker during the windo period

From where the “ E antigen ” produced in case of HBV infection ?

Its produce from the live in case of present of HBV inside the liver and replicated inside it

HBs(surface) Ab refer to

Immunisation ( vaccination)

Present of 3 Ab : HBs Ab+ HBe Ab +HBc Ab refer to :

Recovery

Reverse transcriptase present in which viruses ?

1. HIV | 2. HBV

Why their is no vaccine aginst HIV?

Due to hypervairable region, this region become mutant every time , so the antibodies can’t recognized the gp-120 after mutation.

Glycoprotein of HIV :

Gp-41, gp-120 togther called gp160

Function of gp-120

Attachment to CD4 and co-receptor.

Types of coreceptor that bing to it the gp120 of HIV:

1. CXCR-4: in T-helper | 2. CCR-5: in macrophage , monocytes, dendretic cells

Mechanism of Miravroc drugs:

Block the CCR5➡️ inhibit of the HIV attachment

Enzymes oh HIV

1. Reverse transcriptase 2. Intigrase 3. Protease

Gene of HIV:

1. Gag 2. Pol 3. Env

Gag gene produce:

Nucleucapsule protein( p24, p17)

Pol. Gene produce:

The 3 enzymes of HIV

Env gene of HIV produce :

Envelop proteins: gp160: gp120, gp41

Reverse transcriptase enzyme make copy of RNA by :

RNA dependent DNA polymerase activity

Reverse transcriptase enzyme destroid the RNA by:

RNA “H” activity

Function of Integrase enzyme of HIV :

Integrate the DNA of the virus with the DNA of the target cell

Poli protein it’s non functional protein. | Protease cut the poli protein to 3 fanctional proteins:

1. P24 2. p17 3. P7

Capsid protein of HIV :

P24 P7

Matrix protein of HIV :

P17

Normal CD4 count

500-1500

AIDS diagnosis :

1. CD4 <200 | 2. HIV(+)

Latent period of HIV characteristics by:

1. ⬆️ CD8 | 2. ⬇️ viral load

Effect of HIV on the brain : 1. If CD4 [100-200] 2. If CD4<100

1. If CD4 100-200 : dementia | 2. If CD4<100 : toxoplasmosis ,CNS lymphoma

Causes of pneumona in HIV patient : 1. In case of normal CD4 2. In case of CD4<200

1. In case of normal CD4 :s.pneumonea | 2. In case of CD4<200 : Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

What’s the disease that cause by HIV and candida togther if: 1. CD4<500 2. CD4 <100

1. CD4<500 :oral thrus | 2. CD4 <100 : esophageal candidiasis

Esophagitis ih HIV cause by:

1. Candida albicanis : white plaque. 2. HSV-1 : punched-out ulcer. 3. CMV: linear ulcer.

HIV+EBV: 1. CD4<500 2. CD4<100

1. CD4<500 : oral hairy leuko-plakia | 2. CD4<100: CNS lymphoma

Anti-Retroviral therapy [ART]: mechanism

Inhibit pol gene enzyme of HIV

During the pregnance the woman most take which drug to decrease the risk of HIV ?

Anti-Retroviral therapy (AVA)

ELISA test used in HIV to :

Detect the antibodies directly aginst P24

Initial(secreting) test for HIV:

ELISA

Conformed test for HIV:

Wester blot

Viral load test of HIV :

PCR

PCR used in HIV for:

1. Neonate 2. Viral load 3. Effective of the drugs 4. HIV genotype

Common diseases of HIV(+) in adult:

1. Risk of reactivation of past infection :TB, HSV, shingles. 2. Dissmination of bacterial infection. 3. Fungal infection 4. Non-hodkin lymphoma.

What’s the past infection that reactivation in case of possitive HIV in adults ?

1.TB 2. HSV 3. Shingles Etc..