Microbiology 3: HIV Infected Children Flashcards

1
Q

Which viral skin infection commonly affects children with HIV ?

A

Molloscum contsgiosum

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2
Q

Describe an early indication of HIV in children ?

A

Chronic swelling of the parotid glands

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3
Q

List signs/symptoms of HIV in children ?

A
Chronic swollen parotid
Molloscum contagiosum skin infection on the face
Lymphadenopathy 
Oral thrush
Dental caries 
Otitis media 
LIP - lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis 
Clubbing 
Shingles in multiple dermatomes 
Encephalopathy 
Failure to thrive
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4
Q

Which pneumonia is more common in children with HIV ?

A

Pneumocystis. Jirovecii

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5
Q

Co-infection with which organism can cause blindness in children with HIV ?

A

CMV

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6
Q

Which Malignancy is more common in children with HIV ?

Co-infection with which organism causes this malignancy ?

A

Kaposi sarcoma

HHV8

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7
Q

What is the critical factor that determines transmission of HIV from mother to baby ?

A

The maternal plasma viral load

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8
Q

In twin pregnancy of an HIV infected women is the 1st or 2nd baby more likely to become infected ?

A

The first baby is 50% more likely to become infected because it sweeps all the secretions off the birth canal as it passes. The second baby moves through more swiftly.

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9
Q

features of HIV encephalopathy

A

basal ganglia calcification
white matter changes
atrophy
vasculopathy/ stroke

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10
Q

what 3 ways can HIV be transmitted perinatally

A

breast feeding
in utero
intra partum

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11
Q

what treatment should HIV positive women be given to reduce risk of transmission to their child

A

triple ARVs
tenofovir + 3TC + efavirenz
BF infants should recieve daily nevirapine (NVP) for 6 weeks

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12
Q

what classes of antivirals are used in HIV treatment

A

entry - fusion inhibitors, CCR5 coreceptor antagonists

pretranscriptionsl - NRTI. NtRTI, NNRTI

posttranscriptional - intergrase inhibitors, PI

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