Histopath: histopathology of systemic disease Flashcards

1
Q

list opportunistic infections associated with HIV

A
pneumocystitis jiroveci 
CMV - oesophagitis 
candida
TB 
cryptococcus - meningitis 
toxoplasma gondii - encephalitis and mass lesions 
herpes simplex
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2
Q

tumours associated with HIV

A

kaposkis sarcoma - HHV8
- dermis is expanded by a solid tumour
lymphoma
SCC

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3
Q

cns diseases associated with HIV

A

progressive encephalopathy = AIDS dementia complex
opportunistic infections and tumours
CNS lymphoma

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4
Q

pathology of mycobacteria

A

caseating granulomas

acid fast bacilli

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5
Q

list extra-pulmonary features of mycobacterial infection

A
CNS - meningitis, tuberculoma 
eye - conjunctivitis 
adrenal - addisons
ln - swelling 
GI - ascites
BM - anaemia
skin - lupus vulgaria
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6
Q

features of sarcoid

A
non-caseating granulomas 
affects:
lungs - scattered granulomas, heal with fibrosis 
LN - hilar and mediastinal 
spleen 
liver - giant cells of langerhans
heart
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7
Q

pathology of IgG4 related disease

A

inflammation dominated by IgG4 antibody producing plasma cells
fibrosis, obliteration of veins
plasma cell rich infiltrate

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8
Q

effects of IgG4 related disease

A
salivary and lacrimal glands - mikulicz syndrome 
thyroid - riedel thyroiditis 
peritoneum - retroperitoneal fibrosis 
liver - biliary obstruction 
pancreas - AI pancreatitis 
mass lesions - inflammatory pseudotumour
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9
Q

effects of alcohol

A

liver - steatosis, steatohepatotis, cirrhosis, liver cell cancer
GI tract - acute gastritis, oesophageal varices
NS - peripheral neuropathy
CV - dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertension, atheroma
pancreas - acute pancreatitis, chronic
FAS
cancer - oral, pharynx, oesophagus, liver, breast

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10
Q

features of cycstic fibrosis

A
pancreas - duct obstrution
salivary glands - obstruction 
intestine - meconium ileus 
liver - biliary obstruction 
lung - bronchial obstruction 
male genital - infertility, absence of the vas
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11
Q

what is amyloid

A

deposition of abnormal proteinaceous substance in non branching fibrils - 7.5-10nm diameter
B pleated sheet
resistant to enzymatic degradation

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12
Q

types of amyloid

A

AA - from serum amyloid A eg crohns , rheumatoid arthritis

AL - derived from light chains - MM, B cell lymphoma

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13
Q

how can amyloid be classified

A

transthyretin - eg mutation
B 2 macroglobulin - peritoneal dialysis
Aeta2 - alzheimers
insulin, calcitonin - endocrine

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14
Q

staining in amyloidosis

A

congo red

apple green birefringence under polarised light

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15
Q

clinical features of amyloidosis

A
proteinuria, renal failure
restrictive cardiomyopathy 
autonomic neuropathy 
CTS 
macroglossia 
bleeding on injury
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