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Year 5 path SW > Microbiology 17: Neonatal and childhood infections > Flashcards

Microbiology 17: Neonatal and childhood infections Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 infectious diseases screened for during pregnancy ?

A

Hep B
HIV
Rubella
Syphilis

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of congenital deafness in the UK ?

A

CMV

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3
Q

Which disease is transmitted by cat poo ?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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4
Q

What are some of the signs of congenital toxoplasmosis infection ?

A 
60% asymptomatic 
Choroidoretinitis 
Microcephaly
Seizures
Hepatosplenomegally 
Intracranial calcification
Low IQ + deafness (later)
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5
Q

What is the classical triad of signs of congenital rubella infection ?

A

Cataracts
Congenital heart disease
Deafness

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6
Q

What signs do you get with congenital HSV infection ?

A

Blistering rash
Meningoencephalitis
Disseminated infection

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7
Q

What can Chlamydia trachomatis cause in the neonate ?

A

Neonatal conjunctivitis

Pneumonia

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8
Q

Which 3 organisms most commonly cause early onset (<48h) sepsis in the neonate ?

A

GBS (group b streptococcus)
E.coli
Listeria monocytogenes

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9
Q

Which organism most commonly causes late onset (48-72h) sepsis in the neonate ?

A

Coagulase negative staphylococci (e.g s.epidermidis, s.saprophyticus)

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10
Q

Which antibiotics are often used to treat early onset sepsis in the neonate?

A

Benzylpenicillin (treats GBS) + gentamicin (treats e.coli)

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11
Q

Which bacteria classically causes superinfection with chicken pox ?

A

Invasive Group A streptococcus

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12
Q

Bullous myringitis (vesicles on the tympanic membrane) and otitis media are suggestive of which organism ?

A

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Extra pulmonary manifestation

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13
Q

Which bacteria causes whooping cough ?

A

Bordatella Pertussis

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14
Q

what infections are not screened for during pregnancy

A

CMV
toxoplasmosis
hep C
GBS

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15
Q

features of congenital toxoplasmosis

A 
starts off in cats 
nay be asymptomatic at birth 
deafness
low IQ
microcephaly 
40% symptomatic at birth
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16
Q

features of congenital rubella syndrome

A

effect on fetus depends on time of infection
mitotic arrest of cells, angiopathy, growth inhibitor effect
triad of: cataracts, congenital heart disease, deafness

17
Q

features of HSV

A

can spread to neonate via genital tract
can cause a blistering rash
causes disseminated infection with liver dysfunction and meningoencephalitis

18
Q

features of chlamydia in neonates

A

mother may be asymptomatic
causes neonatal conjunctivitis or pneumonia
treat with erythromycin

19
Q

why are babies susceptible to infections in the neonatal period

A

less maternal IgG
NICU care
exposure to micro-organisms, colonisation and infection
immature host defences

20
Q

list common early onset infections in neonates (within 48hrs of birth)

A

GBS
E coli
listeria monocytogenes

21
Q

features of GBS

A

gram positive coccus
coagulase negative beta haemolytic
in neonates, causes: bacteraemia, meningitis, UTI

22
Q

features of listeria moocytogenes

A

gram positive rods

can cause sepsis in mother and baby

23
Q

list RF for early-onset sepsis

A

maternal:

  • PROM
  • fever
  • fetal distress
  • meconium staining
  • previous history

baby:

  • birth asphyxia
  • resp. distress
  • low BP
  • acidosis
  • hypoglycaemia
  • neutropaenia
  • rash
  • hepatosplenomegaly
  • jaundice
24
Q

list causes of late-onset sepsis (48-72 hrs)

A 
coagulase negative staph 
GBS 
e coli 
listeria monocytogenes
s aureus
25
Q

features of late-onset sepsis

A 
bradycardia
apnoea
irritability 
convulsions
jaundice 
resp. distress
increased CRP 
sudden change in WCC and platelets
26
Q

treatment for late-onset sepsis

A

1st line - cefotaxime + vancomycin

2nd line - meropenem

27
Q

list common viral infections in children

A

chickenpox, HHV6, EBV, RSV

28
Q

features of strep pneumoniae

A

gram positive diplococcus
alpha haemolytic
can lead to: meningitis, bacteraemia, pneumonia

pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

29
Q

features of H influenzae

A

gram negative rod

causes meningitis at all ages

30
Q

UTIs in children

A

pure growth of > 10^ CFU/ml is diagnostic
E coli (main)
coliforms - proteus, klebsiella, enterococcus spp.

Year 5 path SW (106 decks)

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