Microbiology 17: Neonatal and childhood infections Flashcards
List 4 infectious diseases screened for during pregnancy ?
Hep B
HIV
Rubella
Syphilis
What is the most common cause of congenital deafness in the UK ?
CMV
Which disease is transmitted by cat poo ?
Toxoplasmosis
What are some of the signs of congenital toxoplasmosis infection ?
60% asymptomatic Choroidoretinitis Microcephaly Seizures Hepatosplenomegally Intracranial calcification Low IQ + deafness (later)
What is the classical triad of signs of congenital rubella infection ?
Cataracts
Congenital heart disease
Deafness
What signs do you get with congenital HSV infection ?
Blistering rash
Meningoencephalitis
Disseminated infection
What can Chlamydia trachomatis cause in the neonate ?
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Pneumonia
Which 3 organisms most commonly cause early onset (<48h) sepsis in the neonate ?
GBS (group b streptococcus)
E.coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Which organism most commonly causes late onset (48-72h) sepsis in the neonate ?
Coagulase negative staphylococci (e.g s.epidermidis, s.saprophyticus)
Which antibiotics are often used to treat early onset sepsis in the neonate?
Benzylpenicillin (treats GBS) + gentamicin (treats e.coli)
Which bacteria classically causes superinfection with chicken pox ?
Invasive Group A streptococcus
Bullous myringitis (vesicles on the tympanic membrane) and otitis media are suggestive of which organism ?
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Extra pulmonary manifestation
Which bacteria causes whooping cough ?
Bordatella Pertussis
what infections are not screened for during pregnancy
CMV
toxoplasmosis
hep C
GBS
features of congenital toxoplasmosis
starts off in cats nay be asymptomatic at birth deafness low IQ microcephaly 40% symptomatic at birth
features of congenital rubella syndrome
effect on fetus depends on time of infection
mitotic arrest of cells, angiopathy, growth inhibitor effect
triad of: cataracts, congenital heart disease, deafness
features of HSV
can spread to neonate via genital tract
can cause a blistering rash
causes disseminated infection with liver dysfunction and meningoencephalitis
features of chlamydia in neonates
mother may be asymptomatic
causes neonatal conjunctivitis or pneumonia
treat with erythromycin
why are babies susceptible to infections in the neonatal period
less maternal IgG
NICU care
exposure to micro-organisms, colonisation and infection
immature host defences
list common early onset infections in neonates (within 48hrs of birth)
GBS
E coli
listeria monocytogenes
features of GBS
gram positive coccus
coagulase negative beta haemolytic
in neonates, causes: bacteraemia, meningitis, UTI
features of listeria moocytogenes
gram positive rods
can cause sepsis in mother and baby
list RF for early-onset sepsis
maternal:
- PROM
- fever
- fetal distress
- meconium staining
- previous history
baby:
- birth asphyxia
- resp. distress
- low BP
- acidosis
- hypoglycaemia
- neutropaenia
- rash
- hepatosplenomegaly
- jaundice
list causes of late-onset sepsis (48-72 hrs)
coagulase negative staph GBS e coli listeria monocytogenes s aureus
features of late-onset sepsis
bradycardia apnoea irritability convulsions jaundice resp. distress increased CRP sudden change in WCC and platelets
treatment for late-onset sepsis
1st line - cefotaxime + vancomycin
2nd line - meropenem
list common viral infections in children
chickenpox, HHV6, EBV, RSV
features of strep pneumoniae
gram positive diplococcus
alpha haemolytic
can lead to: meningitis, bacteraemia, pneumonia
pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
features of H influenzae
gram negative rod
causes meningitis at all ages
UTIs in children
pure growth of > 10^ CFU/ml is diagnostic
E coli (main)
coliforms - proteus, klebsiella, enterococcus spp.
