microbiology 3 Flashcards
two types of microbes
Acellular Infectious Agents
Cellular Microorganism
types of acellular Infectious Agents
- Virus
- Prions
types of Cellular Microorganism
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
disease-causing microorganisms
PATHOGENS
example of Prokaryotes
- Archaea
- Bacteria
example of Eukaryotes:
- Algae
- Fungi
- Protozoa
does not cause microorganisms
NONPATHOGENS
microbes that live on and in the human body
INDIGENOUS MICROBIOTA
inhabit our bodies but do not cause disease under ordinary condition.
OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS
microbes involved in decomposition of dead organisms and waste products of living organisms
SAPROPHYTES
– microscopic organisms in the ocean
– serve as the starting point of many food chains
PLANKTON
- Pathogen colonizes the body
- Pathogen causes a disease
- Example: COVID 19
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Two major categories caused by Microbes:
Infectious disease
Microbial intoxication
- first person to see live bacteria (animacules)
– father of microbiology
– made single lens microscopes
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
- Pathogen produces toxin in vitro
- Person ingests the toxic which caused the disease
- Example: staphylococcal food
poisoning
MICROBIAL INTOXICATION
- French chemist and pharmacist
– discovered fermentation and connection between microorganism and food spoilage
– “Father of Immunology” discovered vaccines for anthrax and rabies
LOUIS PASTEUR
first coined the term “cell” – used cork as specimen
ROBERT HOOKE
used to kill pathogens in many types of liquids without killing other non pathogenic microbes
Pasteurization
- discovered the first vaccine for “smallpox”from cow pox
- vaccine from “vacca” meaning cow
EDWARD JENNER
develop pure culture technique
ROBERT KOCH
disease causation process(proving)
koch’s Postulate
first discovered the antibiotic penicillin from Penicillin notatum (mold)
ALEXANDER FLEMING
- “Father of Chemotherapy”
– discovered the first chemotherapeutic agent salvarsan/ arsphenamin/compound 606
(used to treat syphilis)
PAUL ERLICH
– “Father of Antiseptic surgery”
- discovered salmonella
JOSEPH LISTER
discovered the Petri dish
RICHARD J. PETRI
– discovered “agar”
- wife of Koch’s colleague, suggested the use of agar as solidifying agent
FRAU HESSE
Father of Taxonomy
LINNAEUS
discovered 5 kingdom system
ROBERT WHITTAKER
discovered 5 kingdom system by ROBERT WHITTAKER
a. plantae
b. animalia
c. protista
d. fungi
e. monera (bacteria)
science that deals with naming, describing and classification of all living organisms including plants.
TAXONOMY
Three separate areas:
a. Classification
b. Nomenclature
c. Identification
is the arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups on the basis of similarities or relationships
Classification
taxonomic group of any rank
taxa
is the assignment of names to the various taxa according to international rules
Nomenclature
is the process of determining whether an isolate belong to one of the established named taxa or represents a previously unidentified species.
Identification
method of giving each species a name consisting of two words
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
two types in need for BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
species
letter
usually expressed in micrometers
BACTERIA and PROTOZOA
usually expressed in nanometers
VIRUSES
is one of the smallest viruses that infect
POLIOVIRUS
