BACTERIA I

Question 1

• Unicellular prokaryotes
• Composed of peptidoglycan (carbohydrates and protein)
• Use wide range of substances for nutrition
• Reproduce by BINARY FISSION (one cell splits in half to become 2 daughter cells)

Answer 1

BACTERIA

Question 2

one cell splits in half to become 2 daughter cells

Answer 2

BINARY FISSION

Question 3

– “bacterial sex”
– method of transfer of genetic material from one bacteria to another placed in contact.

Answer 3

CONJUGATION

Question 4

steps of conjugation

Answer 4

pilus formation
physical contact between donor and recipient cell
transfer f-plasmid
synthesis of complementary strand

Question 5

The donor cells (F+ cells) form a sex pilus
and begin contact with an F- recipient cell

Answer 5

Pilus formation

Question 6

the pilus forms a conjugation tube and enables direct contact between the donor and the recipient cells

Answer 6

physical contact between Donor and Recipient Cell

Question 7

the F-factor opens at the origin of replication

Answer 7

Transfer of F-plasmid

Question 8

process of transfer of genes from the recipient to the donor through bacteriophage

Answer 8

TRANSDUCTION

Question 9

the donor and recipient strand both contain single strand of F-plasmid. The recipient cell now contains a copy of F-plasmid and becomes the donor cell.

Answer 9

synthesis of Complementary Strand

Question 10

two types of transduction

Answer 10

generalized transduction
specialized transduction

Question 11

bacteriophage first infects the donor cells and begins the lytic cycle. Then it transfers bacterial chromosomes fragments from one cell to another

Answer 11

Generalized Transduction

Question 12

only a few restricted bacteria are transferred from donor to recipient bacteria. Remains dormant from generation to generation until exposed.

Answer 12

Specialized Transduction

Question 13

process of DNA uptake by the bacteria from surrounding environment

Answer 13

TRANSFORMATION

Question 14

cells that have the ability to uptake DNA

Answer 14

competent cells

Question 15

Change in the base sequence of DNA

Answer 15

MUTATION

Question 16

types of mutation

Answer 16

frameshift mutation
nonsense mutation
missense mutation
spontaneous

Question 17

alteration of amino acids/base

Answer 17

FRAMESHIFT MUTATION

Question 18

substitution of bases resulting in a nonsense codon

Answer 18

NONSENSE MUTATION

Question 19

substitution of bases in an amino acid substitution in a synthesized protein

Answer 19

MISSENSE MUTATION

Question 20

occur in the absence of any mutation Causing agent

Answer 20

SPONTANEOUS