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microbiology > acellular microbes 2 > Flashcards

acellular microbes 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

lesions of upper body

A

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)

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2
Q

lesions of lower body

A

Herpes simplex virus 2

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3
Q

prevent organs from working properly

A

Human cytomegalovirus

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4
Q

caused by HHV-8

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

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4
Q

kissing disease

A

Epstein-Barr virus

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4
Q

chickenpox

A

Varicella zoster virus

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5
Q

“sixth disease” occurs in infants/children induces seizures

A

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)

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5
Q

“sixth disease” mild and self-limited infection in children

A

Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7)

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6
Q

enveloped DNA viruses:

A

Hepadnaviridae
Herpesviridae
Poxviridae

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7
Q

viruses are pieces of host cell RNA/DNA
that have escaped from living cells

A

ESCAPED GENE THEORY

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8
Q

Three major theories to explain origin
of viruses:

A

COEVOLUTION THEORY
RETROGRADE EVOLUTION THEORY
ESCAPED GENE THEORY

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9
Q

viruses evolved from free-living prokaryotes

A

RETROGRADE EVOLUTION THEORY

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9
Q

viruses originated in the primordial soup

A

COEVOLUTION THEORY

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10
Q

Three categories based on shape:

A

Icosahedron bacteriophages
Filamentous bacteriophages
Complex bacteriophages

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11
Q

– the viruses that infects bacteria
– obligate intracellular pathogens (cannot reproduce outside cell host

A

BACTERIOPHAGES

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12
Q

almost spherical shape with 20 triangular facets

A

Icosahedron bacteriophages

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12
Q

long tubes formed by capsid proteins assembled into helical structure. Up to 900nm long

A

Filamentous bacteriophages

13
Q

icosahedral heads attached to helical tails.

A

Complex bacteriophages

14
Q

simple replication cycle that ends with the destruction(lysis)

A

LYTIC CYCLE

15
Q

causes lytic cycle

A

VIRULENT BACTERIOPHAGES

16
Q

do not immediately initiate lytic cycle

A

TEMPERATE PHAGES

17
Q

Steps in Multiplication of Bacteriophages(Lytic Cycle):

A

ATTACHMENT (Adsorption)
PENETRATION
BIOSYNTHESIS
ASSEMBLY
RELEASE

17
Q

the phage attaches to a protein

A

ATTACHMENT (Adsorption)

18
Q

the phage injects its DNA into the bacterial cell

A

PENETRATION

19
Q

phage genes are expressed

A

BIOSYNTHESIS

20
Q

the phage pieces or parts are assembled

A

ASSEMBLY

21
Q

– viruses that infects human and animal
– like bacteriophages, can only attach to and invade cells bearing appropriate surface receptors

A

ANIMAL VIRUSES

22
Q

the complete phages escape

A

RELEASE

23
Q

Steps in Multiplication of Animal Viruses:

A

ATTACHMENT (Adsorption)
PENETRATION
UNCOATING
BIOSYNTHESIS
ASSEMBLY
RELEASE

24
Q

the virus is able to downregulate its gene expression

A

LATENT VIRUS INFECTIONS

25
Q

functions by inhibiting certain metabolic activities

A

Antibiotics

26
Q

viruses that causes cancer

A

ONCOVIRUSES

27
Q

herpes virus that causes infectious mononucleosis

A

EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS

28
Q

causes Kaposi sarcoma,

A

HUMAN HERPES VIRUS 8

29
Q

– the cause of AIDS, an enveloped, single stranded RNA virus
– member of a genus lentiviruses, in a family of viruses called retroviridae
– able to attach to and invade cells bearing receptors that the virus recognizes
– destroys important cells of the immune system

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

30
Q

consists of short, naked fragments of single-stranded RNA that can interfere with the metabolism of plant cells and stunt the growth of plants (sometimes killing it)

A

VIROIDS

30
Q

– an extremely large double-stranded DNA virus recovered from amoebas
– given the name because it “mimics” bacteria
– it is so large that it can be observed using standard compound light microscope
– contains several genes for sugar, lipid, and amino acid metabolism

A

MIMIVIRUS

30
Q

– even larger double-stranded DNA virus discovered in water sample off the coast
of Chile(2010)
– given the name Megavirus chilensis
– has the largest capsid diameter (440nm) and the largest and most complex genome of all known viruses
– isolated in a French laboratory by co cultivation with amoebas
– natural host not known

A

MEGAVIRUS

30
Q

examples of prions:

A

scrapie
mad cow disease
kuru – loss of coordination and dimentia
GSS disease – loss of coordination and dementia

31
Q

small infectious proteins that apparently causes fatal neurological diseases

A

PRIONS

microbiology (17 decks)

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