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microbiology > acellular microbes 1 > Flashcards

acellular microbes 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  • Obligate intracellular parasite (cannot reproduce outside host cell)
  • Very small and simple in structure (ranges from 10nm-300nm)
  • Infects not only humans and animals but also plants, fungi, protozoa, algae, and bacterial cells
  • Observed using electron microscope
A

virus

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2
Q

complete, fully developed, infectious particles

A

VIRIONS

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3
Q

virions is composed of:

A

Nucleic Acid
Capsid
Envelopes

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4
Q

outer envelop composed of lipids and polysaccharide (some virus lack envelopes

A

Envelopes

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4
Q

genome of either DNA/RNA

A

Nucleic Acid

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5
Q

protein coat composed of many small protein units called capsomeres

A

Capsid

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5
Q

cause specific types of cancer like: lymphoma, carcinoma

A

oncovirus/Oncogenic Viruses

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6
Q

capsid plus the enclosed nucleic acid

A

nucleocapsid

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7
Q

Five specific properties that distinguishes virus from living things:

A
  1. Possess either DNA or RNA
  2. Unable to replicate without host cell
  3. Do not divide by binary fission, mitosis, meiosis
  4. Lack genes and enzymes for energy production
  5. Depend on host cell for protein and nucleic acid production
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8
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES

A
  1. Type of genetic material either DNA/RNA
  2. Number of capsomeres
  3. Shape of the capsid
  4. Size of capsid
  5. Presence/Absence of envelope
  6. Type of host it infects
  7. Type of disease it produces
  8. Immunologic/ antigenic property
  9. Target cell
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9
Q

Type of genetic material either DNA/RNA

A

a. double-standed DNA
b. single-stranded RNA
c. single-standed DNA
d. double-stranded RNA

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10
Q

Shape of the capsid

A

a. Polyhedral – many sides (20 sides)
b. Helical – coiled tubes
c. Bullet shape
d. Spherical shape
e. Complex combination

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11
Q
  • Not labile/transient
  • Replicate in Nucleus
  • Viral DNA resembles host
    DNA for transcription and
    replication
  • Viral genome remains in
    infected cell
A

DNA VIRUSES

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12
Q

determines the mechanism of transcription and replication

A

Genome structure

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13
Q
  • Labile/transient
  • Most replicate in Cytoplasm
  • Prone to mutation
  • Must encode an RNA dependent RNA polymerase
  • Genome structure
A

RNA VIRUSES

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14
Q

spreads through fecal-oral route (contaminated water, untreated water from swimming pool, lakes)
– causes gastroenteritis

A

Astroviruses

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15
Q

highly contagious virus that causes mild to severe respiratory infection and oral disease in cats

A

Feline calcivirus

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15
Q

primarily causes enteric disease

A

calciviruses

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16
Q
  • also called orthoreoviruses which causes upper respiratory infection, enteritis, fever, and febrile exanthema in childhood
    – first discovered in stool of children
A

reoviruses

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16
Q

epidemic acute gastroenteritis (most common cause of diarrhea in adults)

A

Norwalk virus

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17
Q

has 5 general types:

A

Picornaviruses

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18
Q

Picornaviruses 5 general types:

A

1.Enteroviruses
2.Rhinoviruses
3.Hepatoviruses
4.Cardioviruses
5.Aphthoviruses

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19
Q

transmitted via fecal route

A

Enteroviruses

20
Q
  • attacks lower motor neurons of spinal cord
    – flaccid, asymmetrical paralysis
A

poliomyelitis

21
Q

most common cause of common cold; causes URTIs

A

Rhinoviruses

22
Q

infects vertebrates and causes myocarditis

A

Cardioviruses

22
Q

Hepa A

A

Hepatoviruses

23
Q

spread through fecal-oral route. Causes nausea, headache, cramping, fever, diarrhea

A

Rotaviruses

24
Q

NONENVELOPED RNA VIRUS

A

Astroviruses
Calciviruses
Reoviruses
picornaviruses
Rotaviruses

25
Q

responsible for foot-and-mouth disease

A

Aphthoviruses

26
Q

positive-stranded RNA virus that causes encephalitis, arthritis, fever and rash

A

togaviruses

26
Q

ENVELOPED RNA VIRUS

A

Togaviruses
Flaviviruses
Coronaviruses
Rhabdoviruses
Paramyxoviruses
Arenaviruses
Bunyaviruses
Orthomyxoviruses
Lentiviruses
Oncoviruses

27
Q

mosquito transmitted human pathogen

A

Chikungunya virus

28
Q

anthropod-borne virus causing life threatening disease symptoms like encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever

A

Flaviviruses

29
Q

bullet-shaped virus with a spiked envelope

A

Rhabdoviruses

29
Q

possesses distinctive arrangements of spikes on the viral surface (Crown-like)

A

coronaviruses

29
Q

Flaviviruses includes:

A

a. West Nile virus
b. dengue virus
c. yellow fever virus
d. Japanese encephalitis virus
e. Hepa C

30
Q

first infect the ciliated epithelial cell of the nose and throat

A

Paramyxoviruses

31
Q

what are H1N, H2N2, H3N2?

A

Spanish Flu, Asian Flu, Hong Kong Flu

32
Q

genus of retroviruses that cause chronic and deadly diseases characterized by long incubation periods in humans and other mammalian species

A

Lentiviruses

33
Q

pleomorphic enveloped particles that contain two RNA segment of virus origin

A

Arenaviruses

34
Q

arthropod-borne and rodent-borne viruses causes fever, hemorrhagic fever, renal failure, encephalitis, meningitis, blindness

A

Bunyaviruses

35
Q

causes influenza, acute respiratory disease with prominent systemic symptoms

A

Orthomyxoviruses

36
Q

virus that causes cancer

A

Oncoviruses

37
Q

HPV (warts)

A

Papillomavirus

38
Q
  • tumor
    – natural hosts are mammals and birds
A

Polyomavirinae

39
Q

common virus people get in childhood; occurs
with immune compromised individuals

A

BK VIRUS/ Human polyomavirus 1

40
Q

disease of the white matter of the brain. Can be dangerous to individuals with weak immune system

A

JC VIRUS/ Human polyomavirus 2

40
Q

simplest and smallest single-stranded DNA virus

A

Parvoviridae

41
Q
  • causes “Fifth disease/Erythema infectiosum”
    – also called “slapped cheek disease” because of rash
    – common and very contagious (spreads in droplets when infected person
A

PARVOVIRUS B19

41
Q
  • most common cause of colds
    – causes respiratory diseases
    – conjunctivitis (pink eye)
A

Adenoviridae

42
Q

nonenveloped DNA viruses:

A

Polyomavirus
Papillomavirus
Parvovirus
Adenoviruses

42
Q

very large, complex, brick-shaped virus

A

Poxviridae

43
Q

hepatitis B virus that infects hepatocytes and may cause liver injury

A

Hepadnaviridae

44
Q

first disease to be declared eradicated form earth(1980)

A

Variola virus: smallpox

45
Q

originally used as vaccine against smallpox.

A

Vaccinia virus

microbiology (17 decks)

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