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acellular microbes 1 Flashcards

1
Q
  • Obligate intracellular parasite (cannot reproduce outside host cell)
  • Very small and simple in structure (ranges from 10nm-300nm)
  • Infects not only humans and animals but also plants, fungi, protozoa, algae, and bacterial cells
  • Observed using electron microscope
A

virus

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2
Q

complete, fully developed, infectious particles

A

VIRIONS

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3
Q

virions is composed of:

A

Nucleic Acid
Capsid
Envelopes

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4
Q

outer envelop composed of lipids and polysaccharide (some virus lack envelopes

A

Envelopes

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4
Q

genome of either DNA/RNA

A

Nucleic Acid

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5
Q

protein coat composed of many small protein units called capsomeres

A

Capsid

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5
Q

cause specific types of cancer like: lymphoma, carcinoma

A

oncovirus/Oncogenic Viruses

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6
Q

capsid plus the enclosed nucleic acid

A

nucleocapsid

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7
Q

Five specific properties that distinguishes virus from living things:

A
  1. Possess either DNA or RNA
  2. Unable to replicate without host cell
  3. Do not divide by binary fission, mitosis, meiosis
  4. Lack genes and enzymes for energy production
  5. Depend on host cell for protein and nucleic acid production
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8
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES

A
  1. Type of genetic material either DNA/RNA
  2. Number of capsomeres
  3. Shape of the capsid
  4. Size of capsid
  5. Presence/Absence of envelope
  6. Type of host it infects
  7. Type of disease it produces
  8. Immunologic/ antigenic property
  9. Target cell
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9
Q

Type of genetic material either DNA/RNA

A

a. double-standed DNA
b. single-stranded RNA
c. single-standed DNA
d. double-stranded RNA

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10
Q

Shape of the capsid

A

a. Polyhedral – many sides (20 sides)
b. Helical – coiled tubes
c. Bullet shape
d. Spherical shape
e. Complex combination

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11
Q
  • Not labile/transient
  • Replicate in Nucleus
  • Viral DNA resembles host
    DNA for transcription and
    replication
  • Viral genome remains in
    infected cell
A

DNA VIRUSES

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12
Q

determines the mechanism of transcription and replication

A

Genome structure

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13
Q
  • Labile/transient
  • Most replicate in Cytoplasm
  • Prone to mutation
  • Must encode an RNA dependent RNA polymerase
  • Genome structure
A

RNA VIRUSES

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14
Q

spreads through fecal-oral route (contaminated water, untreated water from swimming pool, lakes)
– causes gastroenteritis

A

Astroviruses

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15
Q

highly contagious virus that causes mild to severe respiratory infection and oral disease in cats

A

Feline calcivirus

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15
Q

primarily causes enteric disease

A

calciviruses

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16
Q
  • also called orthoreoviruses which causes upper respiratory infection, enteritis, fever, and febrile exanthema in childhood
    – first discovered in stool of children
A

reoviruses

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16
Q

epidemic acute gastroenteritis (most common cause of diarrhea in adults)

A

Norwalk virus

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17
Q

has 5 general types:

A

Picornaviruses

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18
Q

Picornaviruses 5 general types:

A

1.Enteroviruses
2.Rhinoviruses
3.Hepatoviruses
4.Cardioviruses
5.Aphthoviruses

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19
Q

transmitted via fecal route

A

Enteroviruses

20
Q
  • attacks lower motor neurons of spinal cord
    – flaccid, asymmetrical paralysis
A

poliomyelitis

21
most common cause of common cold; causes URTIs
Rhinoviruses
22
infects vertebrates and causes myocarditis
Cardioviruses
22
Hepa A
Hepatoviruses
23
spread through fecal-oral route. Causes nausea, headache, cramping, fever, diarrhea
Rotaviruses
24
NONENVELOPED RNA VIRUS
Astroviruses Calciviruses Reoviruses picornaviruses Rotaviruses
25
responsible for foot-and-mouth disease
Aphthoviruses
26
positive-stranded RNA virus that causes encephalitis, arthritis, fever and rash
togaviruses
26
ENVELOPED RNA VIRUS
Togaviruses Flaviviruses Coronaviruses Rhabdoviruses Paramyxoviruses Arenaviruses Bunyaviruses Orthomyxoviruses Lentiviruses Oncoviruses
27
mosquito transmitted human pathogen
Chikungunya virus
28
anthropod-borne virus causing life threatening disease symptoms like encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever
Flaviviruses
29
bullet-shaped virus with a spiked envelope
Rhabdoviruses
29
possesses distinctive arrangements of spikes on the viral surface (Crown-like)
coronaviruses
29
Flaviviruses includes:
a. West Nile virus b. dengue virus c. yellow fever virus d. Japanese encephalitis virus e. Hepa C
30
first infect the ciliated epithelial cell of the nose and throat
Paramyxoviruses
31
what are H1N, H2N2, H3N2?
Spanish Flu, Asian Flu, Hong Kong Flu
32
genus of retroviruses that cause chronic and deadly diseases characterized by long incubation periods in humans and other mammalian species
Lentiviruses
33
pleomorphic enveloped particles that contain two RNA segment of virus origin
Arenaviruses
34
arthropod-borne and rodent-borne viruses causes fever, hemorrhagic fever, renal failure, encephalitis, meningitis, blindness
Bunyaviruses
35
causes influenza, acute respiratory disease with prominent systemic symptoms
Orthomyxoviruses
36
virus that causes cancer
Oncoviruses
37
HPV (warts)
Papillomavirus
38
- tumor – natural hosts are mammals and birds
Polyomavirinae
39
common virus people get in childhood; occurs with immune compromised individuals
BK VIRUS/ Human polyomavirus 1
40
disease of the white matter of the brain. Can be dangerous to individuals with weak immune system
JC VIRUS/ Human polyomavirus 2
40
simplest and smallest single-stranded DNA virus
Parvoviridae
41
- causes “Fifth disease/Erythema infectiosum” – also called “slapped cheek disease” because of rash – common and very contagious (spreads in droplets when infected person
PARVOVIRUS B19
41
- most common cause of colds – causes respiratory diseases – conjunctivitis (pink eye)
Adenoviridae
42
nonenveloped DNA viruses:
Polyomavirus Papillomavirus Parvovirus Adenoviruses
42
very large, complex, brick-shaped virus
Poxviridae
43
hepatitis B virus that infects hepatocytes and may cause liver injury
Hepadnaviridae
44
first disease to be declared eradicated form earth(1980)
Variola virus: smallpox
45
originally used as vaccine against smallpox.
Vaccinia virus

microbiology (17 decks)

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