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microbiology > microbiology 2 > Flashcards

microbiology 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

– 18-22 nm in diameter
– consists of rRNA(ensures the codon sequence is accurately translated into protein)
– used for manufacturing of proteins

A

RIBOSOMES

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2
Q

composed by two subunits

A

a. 60S – large subunit
b. 40S – small subunit

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2
Q

clusters of ribosomes

A

polyribosomes/polysomes

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3
Q

stack of flattened, membranous sacs

A

GOLGI APPARATUS/

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4
Q

small vesicles that originates from golgi apparatus

A

LYSOSOMES

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5
Q

“powerhouse of the cell”

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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5
Q

contains digestive enzymes for breaking down toxic materials

A

PEROXISOMES

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6
Q

“energy factories”

A

powerplants

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7
Q

energy necessary for cell to function

A

ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate)

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8
Q

system of fiber serve to strengthen, support and stiffen the cell

A

CYTOSKELETON

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9
Q

Three types of cytoskeleton

A

a. microtubules
b. microfilaments
c. intermediate filaments

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10
Q

an external structure that provides shape and protection

A

CELL WALL

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10
Q

Other parts of eukaryotic cell not present in all eukaryotes:

A

CELL WALL
PLASTIDS
FLAGELLA AND CILIA

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11
Q

chitin, cellulose

A

fungi, algae

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12
Q

membrane-bound structures containing various photosynthetic pigments which is the site of photosynthesis

A

PLASTIDS

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13
Q

used for locomotion

A

FLAGELLA AND CILIA

14
Q

– “ancient”
– have the same basic shape, size, and appearance of bacteria but have biochemical differences
- they tend to inhabit EXTREME environments of heat, cold, pH, or salt concentration
– lack of peptidoglycan

A

ARCHAEA

15
Q

Examples of ARCHAEA:

A

Methanogens
Halophiles
Thermophiles

16
Q

produces methane gas

A

Methanogens

17
Q

survives in high salt concentrations

A

Halophiles

18
Q

thrives in extremely high temperatures

A

Thermophiles

19
Q

– unicellular prokaryotes
– composed of peptidoglycans (carbohydrates and proteins)
– uses wide range of substances for nutrition

A

BACTERIA

20
Q

PARTS OF PROKARYOTIC CELLS

A

CELL MEMBRANE
CHROMOSOME
CYTOPLASM
CELL WALL
GLYCOCALYX
FLAGELLA
PILI

20
Q

same function with eukaryotic cell. Holds the cell together and protects it from the outside world

A

CELL MEMBRANE

21
Q
  • single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule(serves as control)
    – carries genomic information from cell to cell
  • capable of replication
A

CHROMOSOME

22
Q

semi-liquid which houses parts of the cell

A

CYTOPLASM

23
Q
  • used for protection and maintains shape
    – helps differentiate gram + and gram – bacteria
    – made up of peptidoglycan (murein)
A

CELL WALL

24
Q
  • outermost layer of three-layered cell envelope in bacteria
    – thick, slimy, gelatinous material produced by cell membrane and secreted outside
    the cell wall
A

GLYCOCALYX

25
Q

two types of glycocalyx

A

slime layer
capsule

26
Q

not highly organized and not firmly attached to cell wall

A

slime layer

27
Q

helps humans in identifying which bacteria an organism is because of staining

A

capsule

28
Q

thread-like protein appendages that enables the organism to move

A

FLAGELLA

29
Q

bacteria possessing flagella over their entire surface

A

Petritricous bacteria

30
Q

bacteria with tuft of flagella at one end

A

Lophotrichous bacteria

31
Q

having one or more flagella at each end

A

Amphitrichous bacteria

32
Q

possessing single polar flagellum

A

Monotrichous bacteria

33
Q

– hair-like structures thinner than flagella
– enables bacteria to attach/ adhere to surfaces

A

PILI

34
Q

facilitates transfer of genetic material

A

Sex pili

35
Q

“short attachment pili”

A

FIMBRIAE

microbiology (17 decks)

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