Microbiology 14 - Respiratory Tract Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What pattern of pneumonia is usually produced by streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Neatly lobar pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What pattern of haemolyisis does S. pneumonia show?

A

Alpha haemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the top 2 organisms that can cause CAP?

A

S. pneumoniae

H. influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 most likely organisms to cause CAP in neonates?

A

E coli
Group B strep
Listeria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 most likely organisms to cause CAP in 1-6 month olds?

A

Chlamydia
S. aureus
RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 most likely organisms to cause CAP in 6 month - 5 year olds?

A

Mycoplasma

Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Recall the CURB 65 criteria

A
Confusion 
Urea > 7
Resp rate > 30
BP <90 systolic/ <60 diastolic
Age > 65
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How will a CXR appear in bronchitis?

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How should bronchitis be managed?

A

Bronchodilators and antibiotics IF bacterial cause (usually viral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In which patient group is H. influenzae most likely to cause CAP?

A

Those with a pre-existing lung condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which cause of CAP is associated with confusion?

A

Legionella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the typical symptoms and signs of legionella pneumonia?

A

Confusion
Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea
Hyponatraemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why are penicillins ineffective in atypical pneumonia?

A

Organisms that can cause atypical pneumonia don’t have a cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the possible extrapulmonary features of atypical pneumonia?

A

Hepatitis

Hyponatraemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for coxiella burnetti pneumonia?

A

Exposure to domestic/ farm animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is coxiella pneumonia diagnosed?

A

Serology

17
Q

Which type of atypial pneumonia is spread by birds?

A

Chlamydia psittaci

18
Q

What imaging is needed to diagnose empyema?

A

CT

19
Q

How can empyema be treated?

A

Large chest drain

20
Q

Which type of pneumonia might cause a mild anaemia?

A

M. tuberculosis

21
Q

What is a hospital-acquired pneumonia?

A

Pneumonia that develops within 48 hours of being in hospital

22
Q

How can upper and lower respiratory flora be identified and distinguished in HAP?

A

Bronchial lavage

23
Q

Which organism is the most common cause of HAP?

A

Enterobactericiae

24
Q

What is the typical CXR appearance of PCP pneumonia?

A

Bat wing

25
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat PCP pneumonia?

A

Co-trimoxazole

26
Q

Which patient population is most at-risk of aspergillus pneumonia?

A

Immunosuppressed (eg prolonged chemo/ HIV)

27
Q

What is the treatment for aspergillus pneumonia?

A

Amphotericin B

28
Q

Which 2 pneumonia-causing organisms can be tested for in urine?

A

S. pneumoniae
Legionella
NOTE: only useful in PAIRED samples

29
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice to treat MRSA pneumonia?

A

Vancomycin

30
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice to treat pseudomonas pneumonia?

A

Piptazobactam

31
Q

What are the 1st and 2nd line antibiotic therapies for HAP?

A

1st line: Ceftazidine/ciprofloxacin +/- vancomycin

2nd line: Piptazobactam and vancomycin