Immunology 6 - Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference in CD4 T cell response between microbial recognition and allergen recognition?

A

Microbe: PAMP is recognised –> Th1 and Th17 response

Allergen: functional change is recognised (eg tissue damage) –> Th2 response

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2
Q

How does Th2 activation cause mast cell degranulation?

A
Th2 secretes IL4
IL4 activates B cells to produce IgE
IgE causes mast cells to degranulate and secrete: 
- prostaglandins
- leukotrienes
- histamines
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3
Q

Why does atopic dermatitis predispose to allergic sensitisation?

A

Skin exposure more likely to lead to IgE response than oral exposure

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4
Q

Which interleukin is most important in Th2 cell responses?

A

IL4

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5
Q

Why do filagrin mutations increase risk of allergic disease?

A

Increase risk of atopic dermatitis which increases allergen exposure

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6
Q

What represents a positive result in a skin-prick allergy test?

A

Wheal >3mm (path lecture)/ >2mm (path guide) bigger than control

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7
Q

Recall 2 limitations of skin prick allergy testing

A
  1. Necessary for diagnosis but is insufficient alone

2. Result does not predict severity of reaction

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8
Q

What can component/ molecular allergy testing be useful for?

A

For nuts, detection of storage protein is indicative of a stronger reaction

For wheat, detection of omega-5-gliadin is indicative of a stronger reaction

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9
Q

What is a measurement of mast cell tryptase used for?

A

Biomarker for anaphylaxis that peaks 1-2 hours following a reaction
Useful if diagnosis of anaphylaxis is not clear

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10
Q

What is the gold standard method of allergy testing?

A

Challenge tests

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11
Q

How should an allergy challenge test be performed?

A

Increase volume of allergen and measure response - it is the gold standard for food allergy diagnosis (done as a double blind)

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12
Q

Describe the symptoms of the oral allergy syndrome

A

Symptoms of allergy limited to mouth

Common allergens = birch pollen + rosacea fruit + ragweed + melons + mugwort + celery (due to cross reactivity)

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13
Q

Recall some foods that may trigger the Latex Food Syndrome?

A
Chestnut
Avocado
Banana
Potato
Tomato
Papaya
Kiwi
Aubergine
Mango
Wheat
Melon
Latex
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14
Q

What are the positive and negative controls used in skin prick testing?

A

Positive: histamine
Negative: diluent

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15
Q

Recall the management of anaphylaxis in adults

A
Elevate legs
100% oxygen
IM adrenaline 500 mcg
Inhaled bronchodilators
Hydrocortisone 200mg IV
Chlorphenamine 20mg IV
IV fluids
Seek help
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