Histopathology 2 - Bone tumours Flashcards

1
Q

What is the preferred investigation for diagnosing bone tumours?

A

Core biopsy under radiological guidance

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2
Q

What is “shepherd’s crook deformity” a reference to?

A

Fibrous dysplasia involving the femoral head

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3
Q

Recall 4 tumour-like conditions of the bone that are not actually malignant

A
  1. Fibrous dysplasia
  2. Fibroma (can be ossifying/ non-ossifying)
  3. Reparative giant cell granuloma
  4. Simple bone cyst
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4
Q

How does osteochondroma mimic bone in appearance?

A

They have a cartilaginous surface overlying normal cortical + trabecular bone

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5
Q

In which bones is osteochondroma most likely to present?

A

Long bones

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6
Q

How will osteochondroma appear on XR?

A

“popcorn” pattern

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7
Q

Is a giant cell tumour of bone benign or malignant?

A

Borderline malignant

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8
Q

What is the typical age of presentation of osteochondroma?

A

20-40 years

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9
Q

What is the typical age of presentation of giant cell tumour of bone?

A

20-40 years

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10
Q

How do giant cell bone tumours appear under the microscope?

A

Osteoclasts on a background of ovoid cells

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of malignant bone tumour?

A

Osteosarcoma (bone-forming)
Chondrosarcoma (cartilage-forming)
Ewing’s sarcoma (undifferentiated mesenchymal)

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12
Q

Recall the typical age of presentation for each of the 3 types of malignant bone tumour

A

Osteosarcoma: <30 years
Chondrosarcoma: >40 years
Ewing’s sarcoma: <20 years

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13
Q

Recall the typical site affected for each of the 3 types of malignant bone tumour

A

Osteosarcoma: knee
Chondrosarcoma: pelvis/ proximal skeleton
Ewing’s sarcoma: long bones + pelvis

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14
Q

Recall the typical X ray appearance of each of the 3 types of malignant bone tumour

A

Osteosarcoma: Codman’s triangle
Chondrosarcoma: fluffy calcification
Ewing’s sarcoma: Onion-skinning of periosteum

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15
Q

What is a “Codman’s triangle”?

A

The triangular area of new subperiosteal bone that is created when a lesion, often a tumour, raises the periosteum away from the bone.

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16
Q

Which of the 3 types of malignant bone tumour has the best prognosis?

A

Chondrosarcoma

17
Q

What gene mutation is associated with Ewing’s sarcoma?

A

11:22 translocation

18
Q

Which type of malignant bone tumour will stain for CD99 and MICC2?

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

19
Q

Which patients are most at risk of developing Ewing’s tumour in soft tissue?

A

Immunocompromised patients