Histopathology 10 - Upper GI disease Flashcards
What is the “Z line” in the GI tract?
Normal appearance of squamo-columnar junction
Where is the cardia portion of the stomach?
Junction between oesophagus and stomach
What are the 3 layers of the stomach wall?
Gastric mucosa (columnar) Lamina propria (containing glands) Muscularis mucosae
nb: difference between mucosa and mucosae
In a normal duodenum, what is the villous:crypt ratio?
2:1
Where are goblet cells usually found?
Intestine
What is the most common cause of acute oesophagitis?
GORD
If reflux oesophagitis causes a perforation of the oesophagus, what will be the result?
Mediastinitis
What are the most common complications to remember of most GI pathologies?
Ulceration
Haemorrhage
Perforation
Stricture
How is Barrett’s oesophagus different from metaplasia?
Reversible
What is gastric metaplasia?
Metaplastic change in oesophagus without goblet cells
What is intestinal type metaplasia?
Replacement of squamous epithelium with metaplastic columnar epithelium WITH goblet cells present
What is the most common sequence of pathological progression to cancer in the upper GIT?
Metaplasia –> dysplasia –> Cancer
What is the most common type of oesophageal carcinoma in developed coutries?
Adenocarcinoma
Where does adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus usually develop?
Lower oesophagus
Which type of oesophageal cancer is most strongly associated with GORD?
Adenocarcinoma
What is the most common type of oesophageal cancer in developing coutries?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Which type of oesophageal cancer is most associated with smoking and alcohol?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Where in the oesophagus does squamous cell carcinoma tend to present?
Mid/lower oesophagus
Why is prognosis for oesophageal cancer particularly poor?
Most patients are not suitable for resection surgery
What other condition are oesophageal varices particularly associated with?
Portal vein stenosis