Microbiology Flashcards
Types of Mycobacterial infections
Mycobacterium kansasi m. xenopo m. malmoense m. avium intracellular cause dx similar to tb tx: 9 months to 2 year of rifampicin + ethambutol OR clarithomycine or ciprofloxacine
Pseudomembranous colitis
caused by C.DIFF gram + anaeroinc rod spore producing toxin A and B which cause inflammtory response leading to vascular permeability and pseudomembrane formation spread via faeco-oral route
C.Diffiicile RF
use of broad spectrum Antibiotics like ampicillin, cephalopsporins, flouoquinolones, clindamycine, carbapenems old age immuno-compromised hospital acquired long course of abx
C.Diffiicile sx:
watery and sometimes bloody diarrhea
abdominal pain
frver
abdominal tenderness
C.difficile diagnosis
hx and physical examination elevated WCC and U+E Stool PCR stool fecal ocult blood test stool immunoassay for - glutamate dehydrogenae - toxin A - toxin B sigmoidoscopy and colonscopy : shows PLAQUES
C.difficile severity
mild: <3 episodes
moderate: increased WCC and 3-5 episodes per day
severe: increased WCC >15 + fever, + raised creatine
severe: hypotension, ileus, toxic megacolon
C.difficicile mx
- stop abx
- hydration and electrolyte imbalance
- oral vancomycin or metronidazole or fidoxamicin
- IVIG with C.diff anti-toxin
- fecal microbiota transplantation
- surgery
complications of C.Diff
toxic megacolon performation shock AKI sepsis
Pseudomembraneous colitis pathophysiology
broad spectrum Abx will disturb gut flora which allows for C.diff to grow in excess and release toxins which cause sx
N.b. all have about 5% of c.diff on flora, but In EXCESS can cause sx
S. BOVIS
bacteria in gut flora
causes endocarditis
increase risk of colorectal cancer and MUST have colonocopy
CAPD Line
usually produces staphylococcal infection
