Electrolytes

Question 1

Initial tx in hypercalcemia

Answer 1

infusion with NACL for hydration

Question 2

Hypercalcemia causes

Answer 2

Hyperparathyroidism: usually primary due to adenoma or tertiary
malignancy SCC, breast cancer, kidney tumors
increased calcium intake
increased vit D
increased bone resorption
hyperthyroidism
lithium
thiazides: calcium resorption
addisons dx
sarcoidosis- excess production of active VIt D
pheochromocytoma
FHH: AD, mutation in calcium sensing receptor
theophyline toxicity
milk alkali: excessive rennies
vit A toxicity

Question 3

symptoms of hypercalcemia

Answer 3

stones, bones, groans, psychic moans

• malaise/depression
• lethargy
• muscle weakness
• confusion
• pancreatitis
• CONSTIPATION
• nephrolithiasis
• nephrogenic diabetis insipidis
• distal RTA
• short QT syndrome