Immunology Flashcards
What causes TRALI
Transfusions related acute lung injury
Respiratory distress caused by low pressure pulmonary oedema
Cause: donor antibodies
Transfused blood contains anti-HLA antibodies which activate neutrophils or WBCS in host/recipient
What causes febrile transfusion reactions
Neutrophils from donor will cause immune reaction in recipient
What causes GVHD
graft vs host dx
Caused by donor t lymphocytes
What causes hemolytic transfusion reactions
Host/recipient T lymphocytes react to mismatched HLA antibodies
Hyper IgM syndrome
CD40 Ligand defiency
x-linked condition
undetectable levels of IgG, IgA, IgE AND HIGH levels of IgM and IgD
patho: B-cell defect in B-cell maturation and isotype switching
sx: recurrent sinopulmonary infection due to P. Jiroveci
increased risk of:
- chronic cryptosporidal infection –> scleorising cholangitis and liver failuare
- increased risk of abdominal cancer
Neutropenia
abnormalities in function or production of nuetrophils leading to reduced neutrophil count and increased susceptibility to infection; bacterial and fungal
Neutropenia RF
Congenital: Kostmann Syndrome, x-linked agammaglobulinemia, scwachman diamond syndrome
acquired:
- malignant bone infilration like AML
- aplastic anemia
- b12/folate defiency
- chemo/radiotherapy
- drugs: anti-thyroid, clozapine, alcohol, chloramphenicol, anti-convulsants, diuretics, diabetic mx, anti-depressants
- virus: EBV, HIV, Brucellosis, typhoid, HIV, hepatitis
- felty synrdome
- malaria
Classification of neutropenia
mild: 1-1.5
moderate: 0.5- 0.99
severe: 0.2- 0.5
critical: < 0.2
Symptoms of neutropenia
fever
malaise
mouth ulcers
shock
Dx of neutropenia
Hx: ID RF
blood cultures and bloods
CXR, CTAP, serology, bone marrow aspirate/biopsy
Mx of Neutropia
- stop drugs
- abx
- G-CSF
Which cytokine is responsible for gout and stills disease
IL 1
Which cytokine is responsible for RA
IL 6
