Microbial Systems Pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

This phylum includes methanogens, which produce methane as a metabolic waste product, and halobacteria, which live in extreme saline environment.

A

Euryarchaeota

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2
Q

Methane production causes flatulence in humans and other animals

A

Methanogens

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3
Q

Large blooms of this salt loving archaea appear reddish due to the presence of bacterirhodopsin in the membrane. Bacterirhodospin is related to retinal pigment rhodospin

A

Halobacteria

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4
Q

Members of the ubiquitous phylum play an important role in the fixation of carbon. Many members of this group are sulfur-dependent extremophiles. Some are thermophilic or hyperthermophilic

A

Crenarcheota

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5
Q

Members of this genus grow in volcanic springs at temperature between 75° and 8-°C at a pH between 2 and 3

A

Sulfulobus

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6
Q

This group currently contains only one species.

A

Nanoarcheota

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7
Q

This species was isolated from the bottom of the atlantic ocean and from a hydrothermal vent at yellowstone national park. It is an obligate symbiont with ignicoccus, another species of archaea

A

Nanoarchaeum equitans

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8
Q

Members of this phylum considered to be one of the most primitive forms of life, have only been found in the Obsidian Pool, a hot spring at Yellowstone National Park. No members of this species have been cultivated

A

Korarcheota

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9
Q

▪ represent the deepest, oldest branch of Bacteria
▪ the original bacterial ancestor was probably thermophilic and chemolithoautotrophic

A

Aquificae

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10
Q

▪ the second deepest branch of Bacteria
▪ Aquifex, are thermophiles with a
▪ growth optimum of 80°C and a maximum of 90°C.

A

Thermotogae

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11
Q

▪ most are mesophiles
▪ Thermus aquaticus 700C, hyperthermophiles
▪ Deinococci, in pairs or tetrads, resistant to
oxidative stress (desiccation and radiation)

A

Deinococcus (Deinococcales and Thermales)

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12
Q

▪ lack walls and do not synthesize peptidoglycan precursors (mycoplasmas)
▪ small genomes, and simplified metabolic pathways

A

Mollicutes

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13
Q

A type of bacteria that utilizes sunlight to produce food. They convert the energy they get from the sun into chemical energy and they are gram negative.

A

Photosynthetic bacteria

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14
Q

A phylum of gram negative bacteria. It has a cyan color due to the photopigments frequencies it can absorb from the sun. They are thought to be the first organisms to evolve and develop photosynthesis

A

Cyanobacteria

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15
Q

▪ lack peptidoglycan, budding division
▪ anammoxosome = compartment
▪ anammox reaction (anaerobic ammonium oxidation)
▪ Brocadia, Kuenenia, Scalindua, and Anammoxoglobus

A

Planctomycetes

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16
Q

▪ gram (-) bacteria, coccoid, nonmotile
▪ lack peptidoglycan
▪ elementary body to reticulate body
▪ Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Chlamydiae

17
Q

▪ Gram (-) bacteria
▪ slender, long, helical
▪ Treponema pallidum
▪ Leptospira interrogans

A

Spirochaetes

18
Q

▪ obligately anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic, non-spore formers, motile/ non-motile
▪ intestinal symbionts (ruminants)
▪ Gliding motility, Cytophaga, Sporocytophaga, and Flavobacterium

A

Bacteroidetes

19
Q

consists mostly of phototrophic genera, symbionts of plants
▪ Plant - Rhizobium spp., Agrobacterium
▪ Unequal division - Caulobacter
▪ Pathogenic – Rikettsia spp. (obligate intracellular)

A

Alphaproteobacteria

20
Q

consists of degrading bacteria
▪ Ammonia-oxidising genus Nitrosomonas
▪ Nitrogen fixation in various types of plants
▪ Phototrophs- Rhodocyclus and Rubrivivax
▪ Pathogenic - Burkholderia and Neisseriaceae

A

Betaproteobacteria

21
Q

some important pathogens, largest bacterial class
▪ Enterobacteriaceae – Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella and Shigella

A

Gammaproteobacteria

22
Q

consists mostly of aerobic genera
▪ predatory aerobes
▪ Myxobacteria (slime bacteria) which can form fruiting bodies
▪ anaerobes, chemoorganotrophes
▪ Sulfate and sulfur reducing bacteria - Desulfovibrio, Desulfobacter, Desulfuromonas

A

Deltaroteobacteria

23
Q

smallest of the proteobacterial classes
▪ curved to spiral microbes in intestines of animals
▪ Symbionts – Wolinella spp. (cows)
▪ Pathogens - Helicobacter spp. in the stomach, Campylobacter spp. in the duodenum
▪ microaerophilic, motile, helical or vibrioid, gram (-) rods
▪ Deep sea hydrothermal vents, chemolithoautotrophs

A

Epsilonproteobacteria

24
Q

Anaerobic Endospore-Formers
▪ Gram (+) rods, anaerobes
▪ Food spoilage, botulism, tetanus and gas gangrene

A

Clostridia

25
Gram-Positive Bacteria with Outer Membranes
Negativicutes
26
Aerobic Endospore- Forming Bacteria ▪ Genus Baccilus ▪ rods ▪ catalase +, ▪ chemoorganotrophes ▪ usually with peritrichous flagella
Bacilli
27
▪ usually catalase positive and oxidase negative ▪ many virulence factors
Staphylococcaceae
28
o do not form endospores o usually nonmotile ▪ Genus _________ - used in food and dairy industry (LAB) o rod to coccobacilli o Lactobacillus, Listeria (pathogenic)
Lactobacillales; Lactobacillus
29
Genus __________ – facultatively anaerobic and catalase negative o cocci o can lyse RBC o Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus
Streptococcus
30
▪ aerobic bacteria ▪ filamentous cells called hyphae ▪ asexual spores ▪ Secondary metabolites: antibiotics ▪ Some pathogenic ▪ Can be isolated in soil, aquatic env.
Actinomycetes
31
▪ irregularly shaped, nonsporing, Gram-positive rods with aerobic, facultative, or microaerophilic metabolism ▪ Normal inhabitants of mucosal surfaces of humans ▪ A. bovis causes lumpy jaw in cattle
Actinomycetales
32
▪ Genus Micrococcus - aerobic, catalase-positive cocci that occur mainly in pairs, tetrads, or irregular clusters ▪ Genus Arthrobacter - aerobic, catalase-positive rods with respiratory metabolism - Resistant to desiccation and nutrient deprivation, even though they do not form spores.
Micrococcales
33
▪ Human pathogens ▪ Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, and Nocardia ▪ mycolic acids, virulence factor
Corynebacteriales
34
▪ Human pathogens ▪ Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, and Nocardia ▪ mycolic acids, virulence factor
Corynebacteriales
35
▪ strict aerobes, antibiotics ▪ true multicellularity among bacteria ▪ S. griseus, streptomycin, the first drug to cure TB
Streptomycetales
36
▪ genera Frankia and Geodermatophilus ▪ symbiotic association with non-leguminous plants ▪ fix nitrogen
Frankiales