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Microbiology > Foundations of Microbiology > Flashcards

Foundations of Microbiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Study of microorganisms

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

True or False: Micro means small; Biology means life

A

True

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3
Q

About microbial diversity and evolution of microbial cells

A

Microbiology

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4
Q

Single-celled microscopic organisms

A

Microorganisms

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5
Q

They are ubiquitous and can live in extreme environments

A

Microorganisms

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6
Q

What is the system of naming in scientific nomenclature?

A

Linnaeus System

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7
Q

Discovered by Theodor Escherich

A

Escherichia coli, or E. coli

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8
Q

The first cell

A

LUCA

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9
Q

What does LUCA mean?

A

Last Universal Common Ancestor

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10
Q

They originated from LUCA and are the three domains of life

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

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11
Q

It is prokaryotic, has peptidoglycan and can be Gram+/-

A

Bacteria

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12
Q

It is prokaryotic, has cell wall but no PDG, and are extremophiles

A

Archaea

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13
Q

Eukaryotic with cell wall. Examples of this are: algae, fungi, protozoans, animals and plants

A

Eukarya

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14
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Algae

A

Eukaryotic

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15
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Fungi

A

Eukaryotic

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16
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Bacteria

A

Prokaryotic

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17
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Archaea

A

Prokaryotic

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18
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Protozoa

A

Eukaryotic

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19
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Relatively simple, small cell ranging from 1-2um

A

Prokaryotic

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20
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Possess rigid cell wall

A

Prokaryotic

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21
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Organelles are not membrane bound

A

Prokaryotic

22
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane

A

Prokaryotic

23
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane

A

Prokaryotic

24
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Complex large cells, ranging form 10-100um

A

Eukaryotic

25
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: No rigid cell wall in vertebrates but in plants, cell wall is present

A

Eukaryotic

26
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Membrane bound organelles

A

Eukaryotic

27
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Genetic material is enclosed in a well defined nuclear membrane

A

Eukaryotic

28
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Many chromosomes, formed linear, open ended double helical molecule of DNA

A

Eukaryotic

29
Q

Takes up the nutrients from the environment and transforms them.

A

Compartmentalization and metabolism

30
Q

Chemicals from the environment are turned into new cells from preexisting cells

A

Growth

31
Q

Contain genes and evolve to display new biological properties

A

Evolution

32
Q

Some cells are capable of self-repulsion

A

Motility

33
Q

Some cells can form new cell structures such as a spore, usually as part of cellular life cycle

A

Differentiation

34
Q

Many cells communicate or interact by means of chemicals released or taken up

A

Communication

35
Q

unicellular, microscopic, prokaryotic, reproduce by binary fission

A

BACTERIA

36
Q

unicellular, microscopic, prokaryotic, extremophiles, different to bacteria

A

ARCHAEA

37
Q

typically submicroscopic, acellular infectious particles containing either DNA or RNA as a genome that can only replicate inside a living host cell

A

VIRUS

38
Q

typically unicellular, microscopic, eukaryotic; reproduce asexually by budding

A

Yeasts; Fungi

39
Q

typically filamentous, eukaryotic, asexual reproduction, spores

A

Molds; Fungi

40
Q

typically unicellular, microscopic, eukaryotic, lack a cell wall

A

PROTOZOA

41
Q

eukaryotic microorganism that carry out photosynthesis

A

ALGAE

42
Q

Basic group of microorganism

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae

43
Q

He published Micrographia in 1664, which contains first microscopic observation of a fungi

A

Robert Hooke

44
Q

In 1684, he constructed his own microscope influenced by Hooke and the first to examine microbial content “wee animalcules”

A

Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek

45
Q

1876, discovered endospores, founder of the field ‘bacteriology’. Use of cotton for closing flasks and tubes to prevent contamination in media

A

Ferdinand Cohn

46
Q

Vaccination of smallpox

A

Edward Jenner

47
Q

Mechanism of fermentation, disproved the spontaneous generation, “sterilization process”, rabies and other vaccines, principles of immunization

A

Louis Pasteur

48
Q

Methods of preventing infections during surgeries

A

Joseph Lister

49
Q

Koch’s postulates, pure culture microbiology, discovery of agents of tuberculosis and cholera

A

Robert Koch

50
Q

Chemolithotrophy and chemoautotrophy, nitrogen fixation, sulfur bacteria

A

Sergei Winogradsky

51
Q

Enrichment culture technique, discovery of many metabollic groups of bacteria, concept of a virus

A

Martinus Beijerinck

Microbiology (10 decks)

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