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Foundations of Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Study of microorganisms

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

True or False: Micro means small; Biology means life

A

True

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3
Q

About microbial diversity and evolution of microbial cells

A

Microbiology

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4
Q

Single-celled microscopic organisms

A

Microorganisms

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5
Q

They are ubiquitous and can live in extreme environments

A

Microorganisms

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6
Q

What is the system of naming in scientific nomenclature?

A

Linnaeus System

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7
Q

Discovered by Theodor Escherich

A

Escherichia coli, or E. coli

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8
Q

The first cell

A

LUCA

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9
Q

What does LUCA mean?

A

Last Universal Common Ancestor

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10
Q

They originated from LUCA and are the three domains of life

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

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11
Q

It is prokaryotic, has peptidoglycan and can be Gram+/-

A

Bacteria

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12
Q

It is prokaryotic, has cell wall but no PDG, and are extremophiles

A

Archaea

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13
Q

Eukaryotic with cell wall. Examples of this are: algae, fungi, protozoans, animals and plants

A

Eukarya

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14
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Algae

A

Eukaryotic

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15
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Fungi

A

Eukaryotic

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16
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Bacteria

A

Prokaryotic

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17
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Archaea

A

Prokaryotic

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18
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Protozoa

A

Eukaryotic

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19
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Relatively simple, small cell ranging from 1-2um

A

Prokaryotic

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20
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Possess rigid cell wall

A

Prokaryotic

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21
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Organelles are not membrane bound

A

Prokaryotic

22
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane

A

Prokaryotic

23
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane

A

Prokaryotic

24
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Complex large cells, ranging form 10-100um

A

Eukaryotic

25
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: No rigid cell wall in vertebrates but in plants, cell wall is present
Eukaryotic
26
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic
27
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Genetic material is enclosed in a well defined nuclear membrane
Eukaryotic
28
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic: Many chromosomes, formed linear, open ended double helical molecule of DNA
Eukaryotic
29
Takes up the nutrients from the environment and transforms them.
Compartmentalization and metabolism
30
Chemicals from the environment are turned into new cells from preexisting cells
Growth
31
Contain genes and evolve to display new biological properties
Evolution
32
Some cells are capable of self-repulsion
Motility
33
Some cells can form new cell structures such as a spore, usually as part of cellular life cycle
Differentiation
34
Many cells communicate or interact by means of chemicals released or taken up
Communication
35
unicellular, microscopic, prokaryotic, reproduce by binary fission
BACTERIA
36
unicellular, microscopic, prokaryotic, extremophiles, different to bacteria
ARCHAEA
37
typically submicroscopic, acellular infectious particles containing either DNA or RNA as a genome that can only replicate inside a living host cell
VIRUS
38
typically unicellular, microscopic, eukaryotic; reproduce asexually by budding
Yeasts; Fungi
39
typically filamentous, eukaryotic, asexual reproduction, spores
Molds; Fungi
40
typically unicellular, microscopic, eukaryotic, lack a cell wall
PROTOZOA
41
eukaryotic microorganism that carry out photosynthesis
ALGAE
42
Basic group of microorganism
Bacteria, Archaea, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae
43
He published Micrographia in 1664, which contains first microscopic observation of a fungi
Robert Hooke
44
In 1684, he constructed his own microscope influenced by Hooke and the first to examine microbial content “wee animalcules”
Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek
45
1876, discovered endospores, founder of the field ‘bacteriology’. Use of cotton for closing flasks and tubes to prevent contamination in media
Ferdinand Cohn
46
Vaccination of smallpox
Edward Jenner
47
Mechanism of fermentation, disproved the spontaneous generation, “sterilization process”, rabies and other vaccines, principles of immunization
Louis Pasteur
48
Methods of preventing infections during surgeries
Joseph Lister
49
Koch's postulates, pure culture microbiology, discovery of agents of tuberculosis and cholera
Robert Koch
50
Chemolithotrophy and chemoautotrophy, nitrogen fixation, sulfur bacteria
Sergei Winogradsky
51
Enrichment culture technique, discovery of many metabollic groups of bacteria, concept of a virus
Martinus Beijerinck

Microbiology (14 decks)

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