Microbial Ecology (Lec) Flashcards
It is a dynamic complex of organisms and their physical environment interacting as a functional unit
Ecosystem
True or false: Humans are ecosystem
True
True or false: biotic factors react to non-living factors
True
It is an environment within an ecosystem where a microbial community could reside
Habitat
It is a group of organisms of the same species in the same place at the same time
Population
It is when two or more cell population co-existing in one place
Community
A population of metabolically related MOs
Guild
total no. of different species present in a community
SPECIES RICHNESS
proportion of species in the community
SPECIES ABUNDANCE
True or false: The higher the richness the lower the abundance, and vice-versa
True
An assembly/layers attached to surface
BIOFILM
It is responsible for biofilm formation
C-di-GMP
It’s one of the most diverse environment. Has thousands to millions of species
SOIL
weathering of rock > changes over time
^ becomes powder, hence it changes over time
Mineral soil
- sedimentation in bogs and marshes
- nutrient rich
Organic soil
What is the composition of soil?
Inorganic matter 40%
Organic matter 5%
Water 50%
Microbes 5%
The top part of the soil
O Horizon
High organic matter = many bacteria, most active microbial growth
A Horizon
Also called the subsoil
B Horizon
The soil base, bedrock
C Horizon
- mostly found in A horizon
- many roots
- high microbial cell abundance
Rhizosphere
The soil that surrounds plant roots and receives plant secretions of MOs
Rhizosphere
It has the most number of biomass
SUBSURFACE
- It is low in salt content
- a body of inland water with low salinity that’s home to a variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms
FRESHWATER
organisms that uses light energy to create food and oxygen through photosynthesis
ex. planktonic (floating), benthic (depth), prochlorococcus (most abundant)
oxygenic phototrophic microbes
Most abundant oxygenic phototrophic microbes
prochlorococcus
It has an old egg scent
Hydrogen sulfide
The part of lake that sunlight reaches - wind helps oxygenate the lake
Epimilion
The change in temperature > cold increases, transition layer
Thermocline
The lower part of the lake > hydrogen sulfide appears, colder, denser bottom layer
Hypolimnion
Organisms that uses light as energy source to produce ATP and carry cellular processes
Phototrophic organisms
Do not like to eat, Uses organic compounds (low nutrient content)
Oligotrophs
They are microbes that can live in environments with very low nutrient content
Oligotrophes
A bacteria that uses organic nutrients to grow. Can become anoxic due to hydrogen sulfide
Heterotrophic bacteria
True or false: There are more archaea at the bottom of the ocean but there are more bacteria at the surface
True
MOs that can resist high pressure
Piezophiles
MOs that can live in extreme pressurized environments such as in the ocean floor
Moritella
True or false: Viruses are most abundant in ocean habitat
True
- clean up of oil, toxic chemicals and other pollutants
- for solid waste and nuclear waste management
- changes oil to nontoxic chemical
- nuclear wastes can live a lifetime being reactive
BIOREMEDIATION
one the organism benefit or both benefits
SYMBIOSIS
- good symbiosis
- most grow in the trunk
- not just one organism: algae and fungi
- beneficial contribution
LICHEN
- group of plant
- root nodule symbiosis
- rhizobia - nitrogen fixation
LEGUME
- when two microbes form together
- consists of 13 to 69 green sulfur (epibionts)
- has mutual relationship between two microorganisms
CONSORTIA
It is attracted to more sulfur
chemotaxis
- fungi acts as extension to plant roots
- has a eukaryotic relationship with plants
- Arbuscular and Endomycorrhizae
MYCORRHIZAE
- can easily be washed away
- slightly embedded
- Absorb more nutrients
- Colonize ~ 85% of terrestrial plants
Arbuscular
- A part of fungus is deeply embedded in roots
- Roots of forest trees
Endomycorrhizae
- goat, rabbits
- cellulose are polysaccharide — can’t be digested by humans
- microbes that helps animals digest cellulose
RUMINAL MICROBES
Pests that produces nitrogen
TERMITE
- Aliivibrio symbiosis
- can camouflage
- can light up because of bacteria
- bioluminescent Aliivibrio fischeri cells in light organ of the squid
EUPRYMNA SCOLOPES
_____________ have a parasitic relationship with one another
Agrobacterium and plants
____________ does not have a relationship with animals
Pelodictyon
_________________ are MOs that uses sunlight without oxygen
Purple anoxygenic phototrophs
If you have an E. coli, S. aureus, S. enteric and P. aeroginosa in intestinal habitat, we can say:
It has high species richness
a device that cultures microorganisms by mimicking their natural habitat
Winogradsky column
a group of microbes that obtain energy for growth by oxidizing inorganic compounds, such as hydrogen, sulfur, and metals
Chemolithotrophs
use of MOS to degrade, transform, or accumulate environmental pollutants
BIODEGRADATION
