Microbial Cell Growth & Contributions

Question 1

T or F: Bacterial Media contains nutrients; glucose

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T or F: Nutrient agar consists of essential nutrients that support the growth of bacteria

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T or F: A single bacteria cell has 55% carbon, 17% oxygen, 13% nitrogen, 8.2% Hydrogen, 2.5 phosporus, 1.8% sulfur, <0.01 selenium

Answer 3

False, carbon is only 50%

Question 4

T or F: When bacteria eats the nutrient in the agar, it multiples

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T or F: Carbon has the highest contribution in bacteria cell

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T or F: Protein is the secondary contributor of macromolecules in a composition of a cell

Answer 6

False, protein is the primary contributor

Question 7

It breaks down glucose molecules into ATP to get energy to replicate and produces energy

Answer 7

Catabolism

Question 8

It builds up molecules to have new set of cells but loses energy; uses energy

Answer 8

Anabolism

Question 9

Cell’s chemical formula: ???

Answer 9

CH2 O0.5 N0.15

Question 10

single cell splits into two equal cell

Answer 10

Binary fission

Question 11

asexual reproduction where a part of the cell is pinched off where a daughter cell may arise

Answer 11

Budding

Question 12

asexual reproduction, for dispersal and survival

Answer 12

Spores

Question 13

Duplication of cell

Answer 13

Logarithmic phase

Question 14

Rapid increase curing a constant time interval

Answer 14

Exponential growth

Question 15

adaptative phase where synthesis of RNA, enzymes and essential metabolites not found in the environment are produced, cells are adjusting to the culture medium (pH, tempt., O2 conc.) and damaged cells are undertaking repair

Answer 15

Lag Phase

Question 16

Also called log phase, cell undergo division (doubling of cells = rapid growth). It is the stage where cells are healthiest

Answer 16

Exponential Phase

Question 17

No increase or decrease in cell number, cells try to adapt to starvation, plasma membrane becomes less fluid and permeable, nucleoid condenses, DNA with binding proteins for preservation. The stage where secondary metabolites are produced

Answer 17

Stationary Phase

Question 18

Cell number decreases in a fast rate , lack of nutrients and accumulation of toxins or by products. Cells break open or lyse and spill their contents, some try to mutate or adapt for survival

Answer 18

Death Phase

Question 19

Essential for growth and reproduction

Answer 19

Primary Metabolites

Question 20

Used for protection

Answer 20

Secondary metabolites

Question 21

T or F: All bacteria have the same death phase

Answer 21

False

Question 22

It uses the petroff-housser counting chamber

Answer 22

Direct microscopic counting

Question 23

Quantifies the growth of bacteria, plating counting number of bacterias. For ex., serial dilution, spread plate, pour plate

Answer 23

Viable count

Question 24

Measurements are made in spectrophotometer. In this method it measures incident light unscattered by cells in suspension and gives readings in optical density units

Answer 24

Turbidimetric method

Question 25

Microbes that can survive in low temperature optima of 15°C or lower

Answer 25

Psychrophiles

Question 26

MOS that grow in 0°C but have optima of 20-40°C

Answer 26

Psychrotolerant

Question 27

MOS that grow in midrange temperature optima

Answer 27

Mesophiles

Question 28

MOS that grow in high temperature optima exceeding 45C

Answer 28

Thermophiles

Question 29

MOS that grow in very high temperature optima exceeding 80C

Answer 29

Hyperthermophiles

Question 30

MOS that grow below pH 5.5

Answer 30

Acidophiles

Question 31

MOS that grow in pH 5.5 -7.9

Answer 31

Neutrophiles

Question 32

MOS that grow above pH 8

Answer 32

Alkalinophiles

Question 33

water diffuses from regions of high water conc. (low solute conc.) to regions of lower water conc. (higher solute conc.)

Answer 33

Osmosis

Question 34

marine organisms; if placed in hypertonic solution, it will not shrink and is resistant of high salt conc.

Answer 34

Halophiles

Question 35

can tolerate in high salt conc. but optimum growth is at non salty environments

Answer 35

Halotolerant

Question 36

can tolerate 15-30% NaCl

Answer 36

Extreme halophiles

Question 37

organisms that can live in environment; With high sugar solute

Answer 37

Osmophiles

Question 38

able to grow in very dry environment

Answer 38

Xerophiles

Question 39

Requires O2 to grow

Answer 39

Obligate aerobes

Question 40

Not required but grows better with O2

Answer 40

Falcutative aerobes

Question 41

O2 required but at levels lower than atmospheric

Answer 41

Microaerophilic aerobes

Question 42

O2 not required but can tolerate

Answer 42

aerotolerant

Question 43

fears O2; will die

Answer 43

Obligate anaerobe

Question 44

a high-energy form of oxygen in which the outer shell electrons surrounding the nucleus became highly reactive and can carry out spontaneous and undesirable oxidations

Answer 44

Singlet Oxygen

Question 45

Yellow to orange pigment; can counteract singlet O2

Answer 45

Carotenoids

Question 46

strong oxidizing agents; causes rusts in metal

Answer 46

Superoxide anion

Question 47

damage cell component, not as toxic as O2- and H2O2

Answer 47

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 48

Strong radical; peroxidase enzyme like catalase -> will convert deadly hydrogen peroxide into water and NAD+

Answer 48

Hydroxyl radical

Question 49

converts singlet oxygen to a lesser form; good enzyme

Answer 49

Superoxide dismutase