Microbial genetics Ch.8 Flashcards
A group of proteins that inhibit or kill other bacterial species
Bacteriocins
A physical mutagen whose energy induces adjacent thymine(or cytosine) bases in the DNA to covalently link together forming dimers
Ultraviolet(UV) light
A type of repair mechanism where the damaged DNA is excised, missing nucleotides are replaced with the correct ones, and the strand is sealed into the rest of the polynucleotide.
Excision repair
A type of repair mechanism where the DNA polymerase adds bases and proofreads its work on the way
Mismatch repair
Antibiotic that binds to the RNA polymerase so that transcription cannot initiate
Rifampin
Antiviral agent which is a base analgo that can substitue for guanine during viral replication
Acyclovir
Base analog that bears a close chemical resemblance to thymine
5-bromouracil
Block further replication, cuasing the replication factories to dissociate
Terminator proteins
Carry plasmids for the production of antibiotics
Streptomyces
Chemical mutagen that converts DNA’s adenine bases to hypoxanthine bases
Nitrous acid
Detect any mismatched nucleotides, remove the incorrect nucleotide in the pair, and add the correct nucleotide.
DNA polymerase III and DNA ploymerase I
DNA replication starts at the
oriC
Enzyme that carries out transcription
RNA polymerase
Genes encoding the toxins responsible for anthrax are carried on
A plasmid
Inhibit chain elongation by binding to the 50S subunit.
Chloramphenicol and erythromycin
Kepp the template strand separated for the replication of complementary strands
Satbilizing proteins
Moves along each strand, catalyzing the insertion of new complementary nucleotides to each template strand
DNA polymerase III
Mutant having a nutritional requirement for growth i
Auxotroph
Point mutation that causes no change in the amino acid sequence
Silent mutation
Point mutation that generates a stop codon
Nonsense mutation
Point mutation that leads to the insertion of the wrong amino acid
Missense mutation
Prevents chain initiation in translation by binding to the 30S subunit
Tetracycline
Replication factories are thought to be attached to the
Cell membrane
Small segments of DNA which have no genetic information other than for the ability to insert into a chromosome
Insertion sequences (IS)
The gaps between DNA segments are joined into a complete strand by
DNA ligase
Transposable genetic element that carries additional genes for various functions (antibiotic resistance for example)
Transposons
Unwind and unzip the two polynucleotide strans
Helicases
Wildtype having no nutritional requirement for growth
Prototroph
Bacterium used in Ame’s test
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium
