Microbial genetics Ch.8 Flashcards

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1
Q

A group of proteins that inhibit or kill other bacterial species

A

Bacteriocins

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2
Q

A physical mutagen whose energy induces adjacent thymine(or cytosine) bases in the DNA to covalently link together forming dimers

A

Ultraviolet(UV) light

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3
Q

A type of repair mechanism where the damaged DNA is excised, missing nucleotides are replaced with the correct ones, and the strand is sealed into the rest of the polynucleotide.

A

Excision repair

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4
Q

A type of repair mechanism where the DNA polymerase adds bases and proofreads its work on the way

A

Mismatch repair

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5
Q

Antibiotic that binds to the RNA polymerase so that transcription cannot initiate

A

Rifampin

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6
Q

Antiviral agent which is a base analgo that can substitue for guanine during viral replication

A

Acyclovir

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7
Q

Base analog that bears a close chemical resemblance to thymine

A

5-bromouracil

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8
Q

Block further replication, cuasing the replication factories to dissociate

A

Terminator proteins

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9
Q

Carry plasmids for the production of antibiotics

A

Streptomyces

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10
Q

Chemical mutagen that converts DNA’s adenine bases to hypoxanthine bases

A

Nitrous acid

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11
Q

Detect any mismatched nucleotides, remove the incorrect nucleotide in the pair, and add the correct nucleotide.

A

DNA polymerase III and DNA ploymerase I

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12
Q

DNA replication starts at the

A

oriC

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13
Q

Enzyme that carries out transcription

A

RNA polymerase

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14
Q

Genes encoding the toxins responsible for anthrax are carried on

A

A plasmid

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15
Q

Inhibit chain elongation by binding to the 50S subunit.

A

Chloramphenicol and erythromycin

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16
Q

Kepp the template strand separated for the replication of complementary strands

A

Satbilizing proteins

17
Q

Moves along each strand, catalyzing the insertion of new complementary nucleotides to each template strand

A

DNA polymerase III

18
Q

Mutant having a nutritional requirement for growth i

A

Auxotroph

19
Q

Point mutation that causes no change in the amino acid sequence

A

Silent mutation

20
Q

Point mutation that generates a stop codon

A

Nonsense mutation

21
Q

Point mutation that leads to the insertion of the wrong amino acid

A

Missense mutation

22
Q

Prevents chain initiation in translation by binding to the 30S subunit

A

Tetracycline

23
Q

Replication factories are thought to be attached to the

A

Cell membrane

24
Q

Small segments of DNA which have no genetic information other than for the ability to insert into a chromosome

A

Insertion sequences (IS)

25
Q

The gaps between DNA segments are joined into a complete strand by

A

DNA ligase

26
Q

Transposable genetic element that carries additional genes for various functions (antibiotic resistance for example)

A

Transposons

27
Q

Unwind and unzip the two polynucleotide strans

A

Helicases

28
Q

Wildtype having no nutritional requirement for growth

A

Prototroph

29
Q

Bacterium used in Ame’s test

A

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium