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Microbiology > Ch.3 Interactive glossary > Flashcards

Ch.3 Interactive glossary Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A chemical dye used to provide color and contrast to cells.

A

Stain

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2
Q

A group of prokaryotic species living in a communal association and representing a multicellular state.

A

Biofilm

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3
Q

A long, thin cell structure composed of protein and responsible for cell motility in some prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms.

A

Flagellum

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4
Q

A microorganism composed of single cells having a single chromosome but no cell nucleus or nuclear membrane envelope.

A

Prokaryote

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5
Q

A phospholipid bilayer with proteins that surrounds all cells.

A

Membrane

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6
Q

A process in which certain bacteria resist decolorization with acid alcohol after staining with a primary dye.

A

Acid-fast technique

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7
Q

A rank in the classification system of organisms composed of two or more species; a collection of genera constitute a family.

A

Genus

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8
Q

A staining process that results in clear or white bacterial cells on a stained background when viewed with the light microscope.

A

Negative stain technique

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9
Q

A subcellular compartment typical of eukaryotic cells where specific cellular functions occur.

A

Organelle

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10
Q

A subcellular region in many bacterial cells that is surround by a protein shell.

A

Microcompartment

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11
Q

A technique used for differentiating bacterial cells into two groups, gram positive and gram negative.

A

Gram stain technique

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12
Q

A unit of measurement equivalent to one billionth of a meter and is often used in measuring viruses and the wavelength of energy.

A

Nanometer (nm)

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13
Q

A unit of measurement, equivalent to one millionth of a meter, that is commonly used in measuring the size of microorganisms.

A

Micrometer

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14
Q

An interconnected system of fibers, threads, and interwoven molecules typical of eukaryotic cells.

A

Cytoskeleton

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15
Q

An organelle found in many eukaryotic cells that contains digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes.

A

Lysosome

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16
Q

One of the five kingdoms in the Whittaker classification of living things, composed of the molds and yeasts.

A

Fungi

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17
Q

That portion of a cell consisting of water, salts, ions, and organic compounds.

A

Cytosol

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18
Q

The ability of a microscope lens system to clearly distinguish between closely spaced small objects.

A

Resolving power

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19
Q

The ability of an organism to maintain a relatively stable internal state.

A

Homeostasis

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20
Q

The bilayer of phospholipids and proteins that surrounds the prokaryotic cell cytoplasm.

A

Cell membrane

21
Q

The conversion of light energy into chemical energy that occurs in chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells.

A

Photosynthesis

22
Q

The diffusion of water across the semipermeable membrane.

A

Osmosis

23
Q

The domain of living things that excludes the Bacteria and Eukarya.

A

Archaea

24
Q

The domain of living things that includes all organisms not classified as Archaea or Eukarya.

A

Bacteria

25
Q

The domain of organisms including the protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

A

Eukarya

26
Q

The eukaryotic cell structure in which cell respiration occurs.

A

Mitochondrion

27
Q

The eukaryotic organelle involved with the processing, sorting, and packing of proteins and lipids coming from the endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Golgi apparatus

28
Q

The fundamental rank in the classification system of organisms and which is composed of a genus and specific epithet.

A

Species

29
Q

The membrane-bound structure found in algae and used for photosynthesis.

A

Chloroplast

30
Q

The official manual of bacteriology that lists the names and characteristics of the known Bacteria and Archaea.

A

Bergey’s Manual

31
Q

The phospholipid bilayer with proteins that surrounds the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm.

A

Plasma membrane

32
Q

The process by which cells to move from one place to another through the action of flagella.

A

Motility

33
Q

The science dealing with the systematized arrangements (classification) of related organisms into logical categories.

A

Taxonomy

34
Q

The space inside a cell and surrounded by a membrane.

A

Cytoplasm

35
Q

The structure in all cells that synthesizes proteins from instruction received from the DNA.

A

Ribosome

36
Q

The structure providing support for and shape of cells and helps resist internal water pressure.

A

Cell wall

37
Q

The system of classification established by Carl Woese based primarily on their studies of ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences.

A

Three-domain system

38
Q

The system of flat and tubule-like membranes in eukaryotic cells that transport proteins and lipids.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

39
Q

The system of nomenclature that uses the genus and specific epithet to refer to organisms.

A

Binomial system

40
Q

The system that transports proteins and lipids through and out of a eukaryotic cell.

A

Endomembrane system

41
Q

The systematized arrangement of related organisms based on molecular characteristics, such as ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences.

A

Molecular taxonomy

42
Q

The type of microscope that provides a three-dimensional view of an organism’s surface details.

A

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

43
Q

The type of microscope typically used in the microbiology laboratory.

A

Light microscope

44
Q

The type of microscope used to observe the fine details in the structure of cells.

A

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

45
Q

The type of microscopy involving the emission of a specific color of light by objects absorbing a shorter wavelength radiation.

A

Fluorescence microscopy

46
Q

The type of microscopy that generates bright objects on a dark background.

A

Dark-field microscopy

47
Q

The type of microscopy that uses a special condenser and objective lenses to generate refractive differences within a specimen.

A

Phase-contrast microscopy

48
Q

The use of a single basic (cationic) dye to contrast cells.

A

Simple stain technique

Microbiology (23 decks)

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