Ch.3 Interactive glossary Flashcards
A chemical dye used to provide color and contrast to cells.
Stain
A group of prokaryotic species living in a communal association and representing a multicellular state.
Biofilm
A long, thin cell structure composed of protein and responsible for cell motility in some prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms.
Flagellum
A microorganism composed of single cells having a single chromosome but no cell nucleus or nuclear membrane envelope.
Prokaryote
A phospholipid bilayer with proteins that surrounds all cells.
Membrane
A process in which certain bacteria resist decolorization with acid alcohol after staining with a primary dye.
Acid-fast technique
A rank in the classification system of organisms composed of two or more species; a collection of genera constitute a family.
Genus
A staining process that results in clear or white bacterial cells on a stained background when viewed with the light microscope.
Negative stain technique
A subcellular compartment typical of eukaryotic cells where specific cellular functions occur.
Organelle
A subcellular region in many bacterial cells that is surround by a protein shell.
Microcompartment
A technique used for differentiating bacterial cells into two groups, gram positive and gram negative.
Gram stain technique
A unit of measurement equivalent to one billionth of a meter and is often used in measuring viruses and the wavelength of energy.
Nanometer (nm)
A unit of measurement, equivalent to one millionth of a meter, that is commonly used in measuring the size of microorganisms.
Micrometer
An interconnected system of fibers, threads, and interwoven molecules typical of eukaryotic cells.
Cytoskeleton
An organelle found in many eukaryotic cells that contains digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes.
Lysosome
One of the five kingdoms in the Whittaker classification of living things, composed of the molds and yeasts.
Fungi
That portion of a cell consisting of water, salts, ions, and organic compounds.
Cytosol
The ability of a microscope lens system to clearly distinguish between closely spaced small objects.
Resolving power
The ability of an organism to maintain a relatively stable internal state.
Homeostasis
The bilayer of phospholipids and proteins that surrounds the prokaryotic cell cytoplasm.
Cell membrane
The conversion of light energy into chemical energy that occurs in chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells.
Photosynthesis
The diffusion of water across the semipermeable membrane.
Osmosis
The domain of living things that excludes the Bacteria and Eukarya.
Archaea
The domain of living things that includes all organisms not classified as Archaea or Eukarya.
Bacteria
The domain of organisms including the protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
Eukarya
The eukaryotic cell structure in which cell respiration occurs.
Mitochondrion
The eukaryotic organelle involved with the processing, sorting, and packing of proteins and lipids coming from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi apparatus
The fundamental rank in the classification system of organisms and which is composed of a genus and specific epithet.
Species
The membrane-bound structure found in algae and used for photosynthesis.
Chloroplast
The official manual of bacteriology that lists the names and characteristics of the known Bacteria and Archaea.
Bergey’s Manual
The phospholipid bilayer with proteins that surrounds the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm.
Plasma membrane
The process by which cells to move from one place to another through the action of flagella.
Motility
The science dealing with the systematized arrangements (classification) of related organisms into logical categories.
Taxonomy
The space inside a cell and surrounded by a membrane.
Cytoplasm
The structure in all cells that synthesizes proteins from instruction received from the DNA.
Ribosome
The structure providing support for and shape of cells and helps resist internal water pressure.
Cell wall
The system of classification established by Carl Woese based primarily on their studies of ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences.
Three-domain system
The system of flat and tubule-like membranes in eukaryotic cells that transport proteins and lipids.
Endoplasmic reticulum
The system of nomenclature that uses the genus and specific epithet to refer to organisms.
Binomial system
The system that transports proteins and lipids through and out of a eukaryotic cell.
Endomembrane system
The systematized arrangement of related organisms based on molecular characteristics, such as ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences.
Molecular taxonomy
The type of microscope that provides a three-dimensional view of an organism’s surface details.
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
The type of microscope typically used in the microbiology laboratory.
Light microscope
The type of microscope used to observe the fine details in the structure of cells.
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
The type of microscopy involving the emission of a specific color of light by objects absorbing a shorter wavelength radiation.
Fluorescence microscopy
The type of microscopy that generates bright objects on a dark background.
Dark-field microscopy
The type of microscopy that uses a special condenser and objective lenses to generate refractive differences within a specimen.
Phase-contrast microscopy
The use of a single basic (cationic) dye to contrast cells.
Simple stain technique
