Metabolism Ch.6 Flashcards
Cyanobacteria(autotroph/heterotroph)
Photoautotroph
Methyl red test maintains a red colored solution if a species can
Ferment glucose to acid end-products
Uses nitrate(NO3-) with which electrons combine to form nitrite(NO2-) for anaerobic respiration
Facultative species: E.coli
Use carbonate(CO3) as a final electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration and,with hydrogen nuclei, form large amounts of methane gas
The obligate anaerobes Methanobacterium and Methanococcus
Uses sulfate (SO4 2-) for anaerobic respiration where the sulfate combines with the electrons from the cytochrome chain and changes to hydrogen sulfide(H2S)
Desulfovibrio
Organisms that synthesize their own foods from simple carbon sources
Autotrophs
Alcohol produced in alcoholic fermentation to make alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine is produced by
Saccharomyces
The acid that curdles fresh milk to make buttermilk or yogurt results from
Lactic acid fermentation done by S.lactis
Acetic acid used for vinegar and pickle formation is due to the acetic acid from fermentation done by
Propionibacterium
Bacteria that undergo oxygenic photosynthesis where O2 gas is a by-product of the process & have chlorophyll or chlorophyll-like pigments
Cyanobacteria
Butyric acid used in butter in addition to acetone and butanol used as industrial solvents are the result of fermentation done by
Clostridium
Pyruvate is converted to ethyl alcohol (ethanol) by
Saccharomyces (a eukaryote)
Chemoheterotrophs that feed on living organic matter such as human tissues
Parasites
Bacteria that undergo anoxygenic photosynthesis using inorganic or organic substances ex. H2S as a source of electrons and H+ ions & have chlorophyll-like pigments known as bacteriochlorophylls
Green and purple bacteria
Organisms that use chemical compounds as carbon source
Heterotrophs
Autotrophs that use inorganic compounds as energy source
Chemoautotrophs
Nitrosomonas(autotroph/heterotroph)
Chemoautotrophs that convert ammonium ions (NH4+) into nitrite ions(NO2-) under anaerobic conditions thereby obtaining ATP
Chemoautotrophs that feed exclusively on dead organic matter
Saprobes
Heterotrophs that use light as their energy source
Photoheterotrophs
Hydrolyses the bond between NAG & NAM in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria
Lysozyme in tears and saliva
Heterotrophs that use organic compounds as their energy source
Chemoheterotrophs
Inactivate enzymes and precipitate proteins thereby becoming effective antiseptics or disinfectants
Alcohols & phenols
Natural chemical that interfere with enzyme actions
Penicillin
Swiss cheese develops its flavor from the propionic acid produced during fermentation done by
Propionibacterium
Natural chemical that interferes with a cell’s ability to carry out a critical enzyme reaction
Sulfa drugs
Autotrophs that use light as the energy source
Photoaurotrophs
In bacterial and archeal cells, the ATP is formed on
The cell membrane
Binary fission, flagellar motion, active transport, and spore formation require
ATP
Glycolysis occurs in the
Cytosol of microorganisms
Voges-Proskauer test produces a brownish-red colored solution if a species
Forms neutral end-products from the acids produced through glucose fermentation
The net yield of glycolysis is
2ATPs and 2NADHs
The citric acid cycle occurs in the
Cell membrane of microorganisms
Net yield of citric acid cycle
6 NADHs, 2FADH 2, 2ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation takes place at
The cell membrane in microorganisms
Damage to the bacterial cell membrane with antibiotics or detergent disinfectants is harmful because
Chemiosmosis cannot take place, ATP synthesis ceases, and the organism rapidly dies.
Nitrobacter(autotroph/heterotroph)
Chemoautotrophs that convert the nitrite ion(NO2-) into nitrate ion(NO3-) thereby generating ATP
Amount of ATP produced in aerobic respiration
38 ATPs
Amount of ATPs produced in anaerobic respiration is
Less than that produced in aerobic respiration depending on the organism and where in the respiratory pathway intermediates enter.
Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid by
Streptococcus lactis
In anaeobic respiration, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are —–, but i relies on—–.
Not shut down/electron acceptors other than oxygen for ATP production
In fermentation, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are
Shut down.
Green non-sulfur and purple non-sulfur bacteria(autotrophs/heterotrophs)
Photoheterotrophs
Net yield of fermentation:
2 ATPs and fermentation end products
Photosynthesis takes place in special thylakoid membranes, which contain chlorophyll or chlorophyll-like pigments in
Cyanobaceria
