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Microbiology > Ch.1 Interacative glossary > Flashcards

Ch.1 Interacative glossary Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A common name for a microorganism that causes disease.

A

Germ

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2
Q

A complex community of microbes that being attached to a surface act differently than as individuals.

A

Biofilm

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3
Q

A controlled heating process that destroys pathogens in a fluid such as milk.

A

Pasteurization

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4
Q

A disease-causing infectious agent.

A

Pathogen

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5
Q

A immunological defensive process in which bacteria or viruses can be taken into white blood cells.

A

Phagocytosis

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6
Q

A liquid nutrient solution for growing microbes.

A

Broth

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7
Q

A microscopic form of life including bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa.

A

Microorganism

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8
Q

A particle of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat; neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic.

A

Virus

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9
Q

A prokaryotic domain.

A

Bacteria

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10
Q

A set of procedures by which a specific organism can be related to a specific disease.

A

Koch’s postulates

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11
Q

A type of fungus.

A

Mold

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12
Q

A visible mass of bacterial cells growing on a culture plate.

A

Colony

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13
Q

An accumulation or colony of microorganisms of one type.

A

Pure culture

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14
Q

An antibody preparation produced in an immunized animal.

A

Antitoxin

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15
Q

An antimicrobial substance produced by some fungal and bacterial species that inhibits other microorganisms.

A

Antibiotic

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16
Q

An ill-defined entity generally referring to an altered chemical quality of the atmosphere that was incorrectly thought to cause disease.

A

Miasma

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17
Q

An organism in the protista group that carries out photosynthesis.

A

Alga

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18
Q

Bacterial or fungal species that recycle materials from dead organisms.

A

Decomposers

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19
Q

Established evidence for his germ theory of disease.

A

Pasteur

20
Q

He showed that maggots do not arise through spontaneous generation.

A

Redi

21
Q

He was able to correlate hand washing with the prevention of disease spread.

A

Semmelweis

22
Q

He was able to show that a specific microbe could cause a specific disease.

A

Koch

23
Q

He was the first to introduce the therapeutic value of vaccination.

A

Jenner

24
Q

In science inquiry, the comparative condition in an experiment.

A

Control

25
Q

One of the domains consisting of prokaryotic cells.

A

Archaea

26
Q

Referring to a cell or organism containing a cell nucleus with chromosomes and a nuclear membrane envelope.

A

Eukaryotic

27
Q

Referring to a microorganism composed of single cells having a single chromosome but no cell nucleus or nuclear membrane envelope.

A

Prokaryotic

28
Q

Refers to diseases that existed in the past and that are now showing resurgence in incidence.

A

Reemerging

29
Q

Rod-shaped bacterial cells.

A

Bacilli

30
Q

The common term for microorganisms.

A

Microbes

31
Q

The complete set of genes in a virus or organism.

A

Genome

32
Q

The concept stating that some microorganisms are responsible for infectious diseases.

A

Germ theory

33
Q

The doctrine that organisms could arise from nonliving matter, such as through putrefaction and decay.

A

Spontaneous generation

34
Q

The domain of life containing eukaryotic organisms.

A

Eukarya

35
Q

The group of microorganisms composed of the protozoa and algae.

A

Protista

36
Q

The group of microorganisms that includes the molds and yeasts.

A

Fungi

37
Q

The process by which some bacterial species convert nitrogen gas into ammonia.

A

Nitrogen fixation

38
Q

The scientific study of bacterial organisms.

A

Bacteriology

39
Q

The scientific study of the fungi.

A

Mycology

40
Q

The solidifying agent first used by Koch.

A

Agar

41
Q

The study of viruses.

A

Virology

42
Q

The tiny, living “animals” seen by Leeuwenhoek.

A

Animalcules

43
Q

The use of antimicrobial chemicals to kill microorganisms.

A

Chemotherapy

44
Q

The use of chemicals as disinfection agents on the skin surface.

A

Antisepsis

45
Q

The use of microorganisms to help remove or decontaminate toxic wastes and other products in the environment.

A

Bioremediation

46
Q

Unicellular eukaryotes that absorb nutrients from their surroundings

A

Protozoa

Microbiology (23 decks)

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