Microbe Evasion Flashcards
Pathogens evade immune detection by
a. altering their antigens periodically.
b. binding the Fc region of IgG to block complement activation and opsonization.
c. degrading IgA directed against them
d. living in the cytoplasm of host cells.
e. All of the above are ways pathogens evade immunity.
e. All of the above are ways pathogens evade immunity.
Which has NO effect on immune function?
a. Age.
b. Body temperature.
c. Nutrition.
d. Steroid hormones.
e. All of the above affect immune function.
e. All of the above affect immune function.
Superantigens
a. avoid immune elimination by only activating T cells.
b. fit into the antigen-combining site of most TCR.
c. induce a very strong (super) immune response against the pathogens that produce them.
d. induce CD4 T cells to produce cytokines that inhibit an immune response.
e. suppress immunity by inducing clonal proliferation.
d. induce CD4 T cells to produce cytokines that inhibit an immune response.
A virus that can remain latent in a cell avoids elimination by
a. ADCC.
b. CTL.
c. macrophages.
d. neutralizing antibodies.
e. opsonizing antibodies.
b. CTL.
Staphylococcus aureus protein A, that binds the Fc region of Ig g chains, allows the bacterium to avoid elimination by
a. ADCC.
b. antibody opsonization.
c. classical complement activation.
d. antibody-mediated phagocytosis.
e. All of the above.
e. All of the above.
A virus could avoid CTL recognition by inhibiting the expression of
a. b2 microglobulin.
b. chaperones.
c. proteasomal enzymes.
d. TAP.
e. All of the above.
e. All of the above.
Mycobacterium leprae that induce a Th2 response avoid immune elimination by
a. activated macrophages.
b. ADCC.
c. antibodies.
d. CTL.
e. NK cells.
a. activated macrophages.
Tissue damage caused by the immune system responding to pathogens is usually due to
a. cytotoxicity by CTL.
b. cytotoxicity by NK cells.
c. inflammation.
d. memory cells.
e. superantigens.
c. inflammation.
Expression of endogenous MMTV superantigen on host cells
a. activates host cells to produce virus.
b. deletes host T helper cells specific for superantigen.
c. eliminates the host immune response to MMTV.
d. both b and c are correct.
e. a, b, and c are correct.
d. both b and c are correct.
HIV can kill CD4 T cells by
a. diverting all their protein synthesis into virus production.
b. expressing gp120 on T cell membranes to make them targets for ADCC.
c. inducing apoptosis by binding to CD4 without being presented on Class II MHC.
d. inducing their lysis by HIV-specific CTL
e. All of the above probably occur.
e. All of the above probably occur.
A person has AIDS when s/he
a. becomes infected with HIV.
b. dies from HIV.
c. has fewer than 200 CD4 T cells/ml of blood.
d. has more than 200 HIV particles/ml of blood.
e. is seropositive for HIV.
c. has fewer than 200 CD4 T cells/ml of blood.
Clinical latency means that
a. a balance exists between virus production and elimination.
b. anti-viral medications are still effective against HIV.
c. HIV is latent in host cells.
d. no disease symptoms are experienced.
e. no free virions are detectable in the blood.
d. no disease symptoms are experienced.
People with AIDS
a. are always highly infectious.
b. die from opportunistic infections.
c. live a normal life-span if they take their medications on schedule.
d. rarely suffer side effects from the anti-viral medications.
e. would be expected to live on average another 10 years.
b. die from opportunistic infections.
Current medications used to treat HIV infection interfere with all of the following EXCEPT
a. CCR5.
b. integrase.
c. opportunistic infections.
d. protease.
e. reverse transcriptase.
a. CCR5.
All of the following contribute to the difficulty in developing an HIV vaccine EXCEPT the
a. antigenic variation of the virus.
b. difficulty in inducing sterilizing immunity.
c. ethical considerations that require prevention and disease treatment during any vaccine trial.
d. need to induce opsonizing antibodies for protective immunity.
e. potential danger of a vaccine to HIV.
d. need to induce opsonizing antibodies for protective immunity.
