Cytokines Flashcards
Cytokines may exhibit ____ action, signaling the cells that produce them.
a. antagonistic
b. autocrine
c. endocrine
d. paracrine.
e. synergistic
b. autocrine
Cytokines are NOT
a. antigen specific.
b. capable of activating more than one cell type.
c. made by lymphocytes.
d. small protein molecules.
e. synthesized de novo in response to antigen or other cytokines.
a. antigen specific.
Several cytokines may have the same effect on the cells they bind. This is an example of
a. a cascade.
b. antagonism.
c. pleiotropism.
d. redundancy.
e. synergy.
d. redundancy.
Characterization of cytokine activities is NOT made more difficult by their
a. gene structure.
b. pleiotropism.
c. redundancy.
d. secretion close to target cell membranes.
e. short half-lives.
a. gene structure.
Interferons
a. activate B cells to make virus-specific antibodies.
b. are Th2 cytokines.
c. are virus proteins that interfere with activation of cytotoxic T cells.
d. block virus infection of host cells.
e. inhibit virus replication by infected cells.
e. inhibit virus replication by infected cells.
A cytokine can do all of the following EXCEPT
a. bind to receptors which do not share cytokine-binding subunits.
b. bind to its specific receptor on the same cell that produced it.
c. bind to receptor antagonists produced by pathogenic viruses.
d. compete with other cytokines whose receptors share signal-transducing subunits
e. upregulate (increase) synthesis of high affinity subunits for its receptor.
a. bind to receptors which do not share cytokine-binding subunits.
Members of a cytokine receptor family
a. all bind the same cytokines.
b. are grouped together because they share antigen specificity
c. are often found on the same cells
d. are similar in protein structure and sometimes in regions of amino acid sequence.
e. are specific for cytokines produced by a single cell type
d. are similar in protein structure and sometimes in regions of amino acid sequence.
The ability of a cytokine to change gene expression in the target cell is influenced by all of the following EXCEPT NOT (SURE HERE)
a. presence of high-affinity receptors on the target cell.
b. presence of soluble cytokine receptors.
c. proximity of the producing and target cells.
d. rate of transport of cytokine-receptor complexes into the cytoplasm.
e. simultaneous production of another cytokine whose receptor uses the same signal transducing subuni
d. rate of transport of cytokine-receptor complexes into the cytoplasm.
Cytokines are NOT
a. able to inhibit the function of other cytokines.
b. able to stimulate the synthesis of other cytokines.
c. produced by more than one cell type.
d. small protein molecules.
e. stored in the cell for quick release.
e. stored in the cell for quick release.
The IL-2R subfamily consists of receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. This group of cytokine receptors
a. bind all five cytokines to promote synergistic action on target cells.
b. bind cytokines which are produced by the same cell.
c. each has a unique high a chain.affinity cytokine-specific
d. shift the immune response towards cellular immunity.
e. each has a unique signal-transducing g chain.
c. each has a unique high a chain.affinity cytokine-specific
An antagonist for cytokine X may NOT be
a. cytokine A competing for a shared receptor subunit.
b. cytokine B which acts synergistically with cytokine X.
c. cytokine C which inhibits the activation of the cell that produces cytokine X.
d. made by microorganisms.
e. soluble cytokine X receptors.
b. cytokine B which acts synergistically with cytokine X.
A knock-out mouse for a particular cytokine allows immunologists to characterize cytokine function
a. by doing a dose-response study with competing cytokines.
b. in the absence of all other cytokines.
c. on all cell types simultaneously.
d. under controlled conditions of local cytokine concentrations.
e. with defined cell populations.
c. on all cell types simultaneously.
?????? e. with defined cell populations.
Activated Tc can regulate immune responses by signaling activated lymphocytes to undergo
a. apoptosis.
b. clonal deletion.
c. clonal proliferation.
d. cytotoxicity.
e. somatic hypermutation.
a. apoptosis.
