MICRO Unit 1 vocab

Question 1

microbiology

Answer 1

specialized area of biology that eals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification, including bacteria, archea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses

Question 2

germ theory of disease

Answer 2

theory that microorganisms can be the cause of disease

Question 3

pathogen

Answer 3

any agent that causes disease

Question 4

scientific method

Answer 4

principles and procedures for the systematic pursuit of knowledge, involving the recognition and formulation of a problem, the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of a hypothesis

Question 5

hypothesis

Answer 5

a tentative explanation of what has been observed or measured

Question 6

theory

Answer 6

a collection of statements, propositions, or concepts that explains or accounts for a natural event

Question 7

nomenclature

Answer 7

a set system for scientifically naming organisms, enzymes, anatomical structures, and so on

Question 8

taxonomy

Answer 8

the formal system for organizing, classifying, and naming living things

Question 9

classification

Answer 9

attempts the orderly arrangement of organisms into hierarchy taxa

Question 10

identification

Answer 10

the process of discovering and recording the traits or organisms so that they may be recognized named and placed in an overall taxonomic scheme

Question 11

carbohydrate

Answer 11

a compound containing primarily carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen i

Question 12

primary structure

Answer 12

they type, number, and order of amino acids in the chain, which varies extensively from protein to protein

Question 13

organic chemical

Answer 13

molecules that contain the basic frameworks of the elements carbon and hydrogen

Question 14

covalent bond

Answer 14

bond between atoms that share electrons

Question 15

hydrogen bond

Answer 15

a weak type of bond formed between a hydrogen covalently bonded to one molecule and an oxygen or nitrogen on the same molecule or on a different molecule

Question 16

proton

Answer 16

positively charged subatomic particle of an atom

Question 17

hydrophobic

Answer 17

repel water

Question 18

ion

Answer 18

an unattached charged particle

Question 19

protein

Answer 19

chains of amino acids

Question 20

pure culture

Answer 20

a container of a medium that grows only a single known species or type microorganism

Question 21

streak plate

Answer 21

method of streaking a medium

Question 22

colonies

Answer 22

a macroscopic cluster of cells appearing on a solid medium, each arising from the multiplication of a single cell

Question 23

selective medium

Answer 23

nutrient media designed to favor the growth of certain microbes and to inhibit undesirable competitors

Question 24

differential medium

Answer 24

a single substrate that discriminates between groups of microorganisms on the basis of differences in their appearance die to different chemical reactions

Question 25

compound microscope

Answer 25

an optical instrument for forming magnified images of small objects

Question 26

resolution

Answer 26

able to distinguish between two separate entities that lie close to each other

Question 27

transmission electron microscopic

Answer 27

electron microscope electrons passed through the specimen

Question 28

differential stain

Answer 28

two different colored dyes,

Question 29

gram stain

Answer 29

differentiating between positive and negative

Question 30

motility

Answer 30

self propulsion

Question 31

flagella

Answer 31

a structure that is used to propel the organism

Question 32

capsule

Answer 32

loose gel like covering or slime made of polysaccharides

Question 33

peptidoglycan

Answer 33

part of bacterial cell walls

Question 34

ribosome

Answer 34

protein synthesis

Question 35

endospore

Answer 35

dormant stage of bacteria

Question 36

coccus

Answer 36

spherical shape of bacteria

Question 37

facultative

Answer 37

adapt to various environments

Question 38

anaerobic

Answer 38

does not use oxygen in metabolism

Question 39

lipopolysaccharide

Answer 39

found in bacterial cell wall, lipid and carbohydrate

Question 40

nucleus

Answer 40

contains genes, chromosomes

Question 41

mitosis

Answer 41

somatic cell division, pmat

Question 42

meiosis

Answer 42

gamete cell division

Question 43

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 43

an intracellular network of flattened sacs or tubules with or without ribosomes on their surfaces

Question 44

definitive host

Answer 44

the organism in which a parasite develops into its adult or sexually mature stage

Question 45

mitochondria

Answer 45

powerhouse, atp production

Question 46

chloroplasts

Answer 46

photosynthesis reactions

Question 47

trophozoite

Answer 47

vegetative protozoan

Question 48

fungal spores

Answer 48

fungal reproductive bodies produced by hyphae

Question 49

helminth

Answer 49

parasitic worm

Question 50

capsid

Answer 50

protein layer over nucleic acid in virus

Question 51

virus envelope

Answer 51

cell membrane for virus

Question 52

lytic cycle

Answer 52

life cycle of bacteriophage that ends in destruction of the bacterial cell

Question 53

viral latency

Answer 53

the state of a virus that is inactive

Question 54

lysogeny

Answer 54

the indefinite persistence of a bacteriophage DNA in a host without bringing about the production of virions

Question 55

prophage

Answer 55

a lysogenized bacteriophage

Question 56

virus tropism

Answer 56

the specificity of a virus for a particular host tissue

Question 57

budding/exocytosis

Answer 57

the process that releases enveloped viruses from the membrane of the hosts cytoplasm

Question 58

cytopathic effect

Answer 58

the degenerative changes in cells associated with virus infection

Question 59

plaque

Answer 59

clear patches on agar, showing growth of virus