Anatomy Lec Ch4

Question 1

the integumentary system is composed of

Answer 1

the skin and its derivatives such as the hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands and mammary glands

Question 2

what are the main functions of the integumentary system

Answer 2

physical protection, regulation of body temp, excretion, nutrition, sensation, and immune defense

Question 3

what are the two main components of the integumentary system

Answer 3

cutaneous membrane and the accessory structures

Question 4

the cutaneous membrane is made up of two components known as the

Answer 4

epidermis and dermis

Question 5

what type of epithelia is the epidermis made of

Answer 5

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

what are the four cells in the epidermis

Answer 6

keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells and langerhans cells

Question 7

function of keratinocytes

Answer 7

provide thickness/structure for protection, more found in palm with 5 layers and rest of body has 4

Question 8

function of melanocytes

Answer 8

pigment producing cells

Question 9

function of merkel cells

Answer 9

detecting sensation

Question 10

function of langerhan cells

Answer 10

wandering phagocytic cells

Question 11

what layers do you find in the epidermis starting from the bottom

Answer 11

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum and the stratum corneum

Question 12

what is the deepest layer in the epidermis

Answer 12

stratum basale

Question 13

what cells make up the stratum basale

Answer 13

basal cells, replace keratinocytes that are lost or shed at the surface

Question 14

melanocytes are located in which layers of the epidermis

Answer 14

stratum basale, stratum spinosum

Question 15

merkel cells are located in which layer of the epidermis

Answer 15

stratum basale

Question 16

the daughter cell of a basal cell gets pushed into what layer of the epidermis and differentiates into a keratinocyte

Answer 16

stratum spinosum

Question 17

keratinocytes are located in which layer of the epidermis

Answer 17

stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum

Question 18

langerhan cells are located in which layer of the epidermis

Answer 18

stratum spinosum

Question 19

which layer is the most superficial in the epidermis that still possess a nucleus

Answer 19

stratum granulosum

Question 20

the cells in this epidermal layer lack organelles and nuclei and are flattened, densely packed and filled with keratin filaments that are oriented parallel to the surface of the skin

Answer 20

stratum lucidum

Question 21

what is the most superficial layer of the epidermis

Answer 21

stratum corneum

Question 22

the stratum corneum mainly consists of

Answer 22

dead cells

Question 23

what is inbetween the stratum basale and the dermis

Answer 23

epidermal ridges

Question 24

ridge patterns are created from

Answer 24

dermal papillae and epidermal ridges

Question 25

what causes the color of the epidermis

Answer 25

thickness and carotene and melanin

Question 26

loss in oxygen in the blood causes the skin to turn bue known as

Answer 26

cyanosis

Question 27

the superficial layer of the dermis is called the

Answer 27

papillary layer

Question 28

the papillary layer consists of

Answer 28

loose connective tissue

Question 29

what is the deeper layer of the epidermis called

Answer 29

reticular layer

Question 30

the reticular layer has what kind of connective tissue

Answer 30

dense irregular

Question 31

what is the cutaneous plexus

Answer 31

network of arteries and veins in the subcutaneous layer

Question 32

what is the subpapillary plexus

Answer 32

capillary loops that follow the contours of the epidermal dermal boundary

Question 33

what is below the dermis

Answer 33

subcutaneous layer

Question 34

the subcutaneous layer is made up of

Answer 34

loose connective tissue and adipocytes

Question 35

hair follicles are deep into what layer

Answer 35

dermis

Question 36

what are the 2 types of exocrine glands

Answer 36

sebaceous and sweat glands

Question 37

sebaceous glands discharge what

Answer 37

oily secretion

Question 38

what type of secretion is used for sebaceous glands

Answer 38

holocrine secretion

Question 39

what does sebum do

Answer 39

lubricates and protects the keratin of the hair shaft and conditions the surrounding skin

Question 40

what are the two types of sweat glands

Answer 40

apocrine and merocrine

Question 41

what type of cells do sweat glands have

Answer 41

myoepithelial cells

Question 42

what function does myoepithelial cells have

Answer 42

contract to squeeze the gland and discharge the accumulated secretions

Question 43

what controls the gland cells and the contractions of myoepithelia cells

Answer 43

autonomic nervous system and circulating hormones

Question 44

where do sebaceous glands secrete

Answer 44

into hair follicle and on skin

Question 45

sweat glands produce what type of secretion

Answer 45

watery solution

Question 46

apocrine glands secrete where

Answer 46

armpits, nipples and groin area

Question 47

what is the structure of apocrine glands

Answer 47

coiled tubular glands

Question 48

apocrine glands use what type of secretion method

Answer 48

merocrine secretion

Question 49

what type of sweat gland is most abundant on the body

Answer 49

merocrine

Question 50

what is the structure of a merocrine sweat gland

Answer 50

coiled tubular glands

Question 51

what is the function of sweat

Answer 51

thermoregulation, excretion, and protection