micro Flashcards
toxins acting by EF2
coryn. diptheria
pseudomonas(exotoxin A)
volutin granules aka(2)
babes ernst/metachromatic granules
of coryn diptheria
granules of coryn m/o
contains
polymetaphosphates
act as enzymes
toxin
toxin acting by ADP ribosylation
corynaebact.diptheria
elek gel ppt test for which toxin
coryn.diptheria
shick’s skin test for
coryn.diptheria
A and B units of exotoxin
A=action
B=binding
toxin acting by 60S inhibition
shiga toxin
shiga like/vero like=EHEC
hemolytic uremic syndrome by?
strain?
EHEC
O157:H7
triad
1 microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
2 thrombocytopenia
3 renal failure
hemolytic uremic syndrome
O157:H7 EHEC does not fremnt?
sorbitol
O157:H7 grows on
McConkey agar
Lactose
cholera toxin binds to
GM1ganglioside receptor
toxin working on zonaoccludens
cholera toxin
cholera toxin which sub unit binds to gm1 ganglioside recptor
alpha
hemorrhagic diarrhea/dysemtry is caused by which toxins?
class?
shiga toxin/ EHEC(SLT/VLT)
60s inhibitors
which toxins act by cAMP
cholera
anthrax
LT(ETEC=heat labile)
pertussis
whooping cough on inspiration
infants=apnea
by?
pertussis
toxin acting by cGMP
ETEC=ST(heat stable)
toxin causing spastic paralysis
tetanus
strychnine
travellars diarrhea by
ETEC
toxin acting by inhibiting SNARE
GABA/glycine
tetanus
toxin inhibiting pre synaptic release of NT
tetanus
botulinum
toxin inhibiting post synaptic excitation
strychnine
toxin inhibiting Ach release
botulinum
rhisus sardonicus/lock jaw
seen in
tetanus/strychnine?
tetanus
posturing seen in tetanus/strychnine?
both
preformed botul.toxin seen in
canned food
spores of botulinum seen in
honey
wounds
honey causes?in infants
descending flaccid paralysis
superantigen sits over ? in MHC complex
antigen site
superantigen causes?
toxic shock syndrome
cause shock
inc cytokines
fever
bacteria acting by superantigen
staph
strep
history of retained? in toxic shock syndrome(2)
tampons
nasal gauge in epistaxis
catalase positive organisms?(7)
staph aureus
Serratia
pseudomonas
aspergillus
cryptococcus
candida
enterobacter
enterobacter class?
gram negative
facultative
anaerobe
Fast Lactose fermenting
pseudohemoptysis causing prodogesin produced by?
serratia
pigment producing catalase positive bacteria
staph aureus=golden yellow
serratia=red (prodogesin)
pseudomaonas= bluegreen
catalase positive organism infections predisposed in which disease
chronic granulomatous disease
chronic granulomatous disease has which deficiency
NADPH oxidase
tests(2) for CGD
1 (NBT) nitro blue tetrazolium test
2 (DHR) dihydro rhodamine test
strep
alpha hemolysis=
partial/complete?
color?
partial
green
classi. of alpha hemolytic strep by?(2)
optochin sensitivity
bile solubility
@hemolyt.strep
optochin sensitive
bile soluble?
strep. pneumoneae
strp .pneumonae organism morpho
capsulated(polysacc)
diplococci
lanceolate
Carom coin
quelling’s reaction seen in?
due to ?
strp.pneumonae
capsule
mcc of lobar pneumonae
strp.pneunomiae
colony morpho of strp.pneumonae
draughtsman/ carrom coin
SHIN bacteria properties(3)
names(3)
1 polysacc capsule=vaccines
2 IgA protease
3 griffith transformation
names
1 strep pneumonae
2 haemophilous influenza
3 Neisseria meningitides
which genetic method in bacteria takes up naked DNA
transformation
which genectic method in bacteria require competence factor
transformation
strp class with complete hemolysis
beta hemolytics
classification basis for beta hemolytic strep
bacitracin sensitivity
pyr status
pyr status used to classify ?(2)
strep beta and strep gamma
color of complete hemolysis in strep
yellow
color of beta hemolysis in strep
yellow
bacitracin senitive and PYR positive?
group A
strp.pyogens
scarlet fever
erysipelas
impetigo caused by
GAS strp pyogens
bacitracin resistance
pyr negative?
grp B strp. Agalactia
hippurate hydrolysis seen in
grp B Agalactae
mcc early onset neonatal sepsis(<1 month)
meningitis
GBS Agalactae
reverse camp test for?
clostridium perfringens
Gbs
no hemolysis in which class of strep
gamma hemolytics
classification of gamma strep
growth in NaCl 6.5%
pyr status
strp showing bile solubility
gamma
pyr + grows on 6.5% NaCl
enterococcus
pyr-
Not growing on 6.5% NaCl
strp Bovis
strp Bovis aka
Strp Galactolysicus
colon ca by which strp
strp Bovis
bile esculide agar for?
enterococcus(strep)
Guttate psoriasis a/w bacteria?
beta hemolytic strep
beta hemolytic lancefield classification on basis of
carbohydrate antigen
beta hemolytic classification griffith on basis of
M protien
kerby bauver test for
disc diffusion test
antigen sensitivity
endocarditis lesions along line ofclosure in heart valve(2)
1 RHD (small)
2 marantic=non bacterial thrombotic/paraneoplastic
ring abscess in which endocarditis
infective
destruction of chorda tendonae in which endocarditid
infective
libmann sac endocarditis seen in
SLE
lesions above and under surface of chorda tendonae in
SLE /Libman ssac endocarditis
mcc acute endocarditis
staph aureus
mcc of endocarditis ivdu(iv drug users)
staph aureus
mcc of hospital acquired endocarditis
staph aureus
mcc of community acquired endocarditis by
Class?
strep viridans
Alpha sensitive
mcc of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis
CONS=staph epidermidis=biofilms
which staph produces biofils
CONS/staph epidrmidis
mcc of endocarditis associated with colon cancer
strep Bovis
g +ve bacilli Aerobes(4)
bacillus
listeria
corynaebacterium
mycobaterium
g+ve bacilli anaerobes(1)
clostridium
g+ve branching filaments
anaerobic
actinomyces
g+ve branching filament
aerobe
nocardia
g+ve branching filament acid fast
nocardia
h2so4 conc for nocardia
in AF stain
1%
h2so4 conc for leoginella in AF stain
1%
doc for nocardia infection
cotrimoxazole(tmp smx)
doc for pneumocystis jeruvecii
cotrimoxazole
cotrimoxazole contains
trimethoprime+sulfamethoxazole
doc for actinomyces
penicillin
3 disease presentation of actinomyces
1 chronic osteomyelitis of mandible
2 mycetoma foot(yellow draining sinus)
3 PID a/w IUCD
granules color in actinomyces foot
yellow
granule color in eumycetoma d/t madurella
black/brown/reddish brown
spidery colony
lumpy jaw by
actenomyces israelli
molar tooth colonies by?
actinomyces
polypeptide capsule seen in which g+ve bact
bacillus
D glutamate capsule seen in
bacillus
medussa head colonies
bacillus
mcfaeden reaction
bacillu
PLET for
b.anthrax
MYPA for
b.cereus
hemorrhagic mediastinitis seen in which g+ve bacilli
b.anthrax
inverted fir tree appearance
bacillus
jet actin motility seen in
listeria
only g+ve bact to produce endotoxin
listeria
tumbling motility
listeria
differential motility seen in
at temp?
listeria
22-25
no motility at 37 or higher
cold culture in
listeria
palcam agar for
listeria
meningitis in extreme ages by
listeria
doc for literia
ampicillin
type of rash in listeria
bull’s eye rash
drugs for meningitis
vancomycin emperical
ceftriaxone emperical
ampicillin only for extreme ages
ceftazidine
meropenem
mcc of meningitis in 2yo to 50 yo
strep pneumoniae
drugs for meningitis in neonate
3rd gen cephalosporin
ampicillin
Chinese letter arrangement
coryn.dipthyria
LSS for ?
coryn.dipthyria
K tellurite for?
coryn.dipthyria
food poisoning
early<6hrs
chinese food
B.cereus
food poisoning early<6 hrs
milk
staph. aureus
g+ve anaerobes
subterminal spores
terminal
clostridium
g+ve anaerobes
tennis racquet
clostridium tertium
g+ve anaerobe
drumstick
clostridium tetani
bull’s neck swelling
pseudomembrane
granules on albert stain
coronation.diptheri
Zn phospholipase/lecithinase
in?
alpha toxin
clostridium perfringes
naeglar test for organism?
enzyme?
breaks down?
clostridium perfringes
phospholipase/alpha toxin
egg yolk
gas gangrene caused by
clostridium perfringens
volcano erruption sign on histo
pseudomembranous enterocolitis
pseudomembranous enterocolitis cuased by
clostridium defficle
clostridium defficle toxins(2)
1 A=enterotoxin
2 B=cytotoxin
oral vancomycin given only in
pseudomembranous enterocolitis
doc for pseudomembranous enterocolitis
fidoxamycin
diagnosis pseudomembranous
PCR>ELISA
g-ve diplococcicocci
neisseria
According sign seen in
Pseudomembranous enteroxolitis
h/o wide spectrum antibiotic use (cephalosporin)
hospital admission
diarrhea
pseudomembranous enterocolitis
pseudomem.enterocol. volcano erruption sign cells?
neutrophil >lympho
colonoscopy finding in pseudomemb.enterocol
diffuse thickening of bowel/colon
maltose fermentation/ maltose acid detection in which which gram negative cooci
n.meningitidis
which type meningococci vaccine for at risk patients
type B
vaccine and polysacc capsule in which neisseria
N.meningitidis
g-ve cocci
moraxella
vilinella
diplococci=neiserria
g-ve bacilli classification on basis of
lactose fermenters
on mcConkey agar
g-ve SLOW lactose fermenting
serratia
citrobacter
g-ve FAST lactose fermenters
E.coli
klebsiella
enterobacter
contents of McConkey agar
peptone
lactose
agar
neutral red(indicator)
taurocholate
waterhouse fredrichson syndrome BY which diplococci
Neisseria meningitidis
meningitis
followed by diffuse petechial rash
shock
B/L adrenal hemorrhage
water house Frederickson syndrome
transport media for neisseria
stuart/amies
culture media for neisseria
thayer-martin
cervicitis’/urethritis
smear=intracellular diplococci
n.gonorrhea
n.cgonorrhea coexists with
chlamydia
treartment for cervicitis urethritis scrotal swelling(2)
1 cefaxime
2 azithral
gonorrhea drug
ceftriazone
chlamydia drug
azithromycin
fitz curtiz hugh syndrome by
Chlamydia
.gonorrhea PID complication
perihepatitis
violin string sign seen in
fitz curtis hugh syndrome
g-ve oxidase +ve
curved rods(all)
Shapes
campylobacter apmhitrichous
vibrio uni
helicobacter .pylori ?
skirrow’s media culture fo?
campylobacter
reiter’s syndrome caused by(2)
sheigella
campylobacter
which g-ve rod grows in 42 degree
campylobacter
g-ve curved rod that is amphitrichous
campylobact
g-ve curved rod that is monotrichous
vibrio
g-ve bacilli that is monotrichous
pseudomonas
motility by bacilus.subtulis
tumbling
motility by salmonella typhimurium
tumbling
motility by listeria and e.coli
tumbling
vibrio parahemolyiticus motility
swarming
proteus motility
swarming
clostridium motility
swarming
b.cereus motility
swarming
vibrio cholera motility
darting
TCBS culture for
vibrio cholera
string test for(2)
giardia
vibrio cholera
cary blair transtort medium for
vibrio cholera
venkutraman ramakrishnan/VR transport medium for
vibrio cholera
shellfish history in which oxidase +ve bacteria
vibrio parahemolyticus
sepsis cause by which vibrio
vibrio vulnificus
urea breath test +ve in
H.pylori
hydrogem breath test in
lactose intolerance
classification of g-ve bacilli on basis of
lactose fermenter on mcconkey agar
e.coli and klebsiella d/d by
I/M/V/C
what are IMVC test
indole
methyl red
VP
citrate
which IMVC test are positive for klebsiella
color
VP=gives red
citrate=gives blue
IMVC test +ve for E.coli
color
indole=gives red ring
methyl red =gives red color
mcc of UTI
E.coli
EMB culture media for
E.coli
CLED culture media for
E.coli
CLED/EMB for which disease
UTI
cefotixin agar culture media for
clostridium defficle
non selective culture media for UTI
E.coli
middlebrook culture med.for
TB
LJ cuture med. for
TB
chinese leter arragnement on HISTOLOGY
fibrous dysplasia
g-ve lactose NON fermenting
classified on basis of
oxidase
g-ve lactose non fermenting oxidase positive bact.(3)
pseudomonas
burkholderia
hemophilus
cetrimide agar culture media in
pseudomonas
common infection in cystic fibrosis in adults
pseudomonas
common infection in cystic fibrosis in children
staph.aureus
oxidase -ve g-ve classified on basis of
H2S production onTSI agar
TSI agar ingredients?
organisms?
triple sugar iron agar
for
1 h2s producing=salmonella
proteus
2 h2s non producing sheigella
yersinia
urease positive
oxidase negative
lactose non fermenting
g-ve bact?
proteus
diene’s phenomenon shown by
proteus
staghorn calculi by organism
proteus
bubonic plague caused by
yersinia pestis
RIF pain due to LN involvement by organism
yersinia pseudoappendisitis
pediatric diarrhea caused by pili attachment/effacement leasion in
EPEC
Sereney’ test for?
EIEC
toxin producing e.coli
ETEC
DAEC fullform
diffusely adherentE.coli
persistent diarrhea by which E.coli
EAEC(aggregating)
ecthyma gangrenosum caused in immunocompromised by
pseudomonas
ecthyma contagiosum caused by
pox -ORF virus
zoonosis disease caused by orf virus in fingers k/s
ecthyma contagiosum
most specific infection in cystic fibrosis by
burkholderia
mcc of malignant otitis externa
pseudomonas
mcc of sepsis in burns
pseudomonas
mcc of corneal ulcer in contact lens users
pseudomonas
mcc of corneal ulcer in contact lens misuse
acanthamoeba
mcc of hot tub folliculitis
pseudomonas
mcc of osteomylitis
staph aureus
mcc of osteomyelitis in nail in bone
pseudomonas
mc site involved in acute osteomyelitis due to nail
metaphysis
mcc of acute osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
salmonella
IOC for acute osteomyelitis d/t nail
MRI (see BM edema)
reaction to detect antigen of proteus
weil felix(with rickettsia)
urine alkaline struvite syndrome by
proteus
2 species of proteus show separation of colonies in which phenomenon
diene’s phenomenon
factors needed by h.influenza to grow
5th(nad)(heat labile)
10th(hemin)
not factors
satellitism on blood agar shown by
H.influenza
blood gives which factor to H.influenza
10th
Hemin
what gives factor 5 for sattelitism to H.influenza
staph aureus(produces NAD)
diene’s staining in
mycoplasma
mollicutes/joker/no call wall in
mycoplasma
fried egg colony by which bacteria
mycoplasma
atypical walking pneumonia in
mycoplasma
PPLO culture
mycoplasma
mycoplasma shows which agglutinin
cold
IgM
g-ve spirochetes(3)
treponema
borrelia
leprospira
EMJH medium for
Leptospira
weil’s disease by
leptospira
icterohemorrhagic fever aka?
caused by?
weil’s disease/leptospirosis
leptospira
association with rat urine in paddy fields
leptospirosis
hooks present in which spirochetes
leptospira
which agglutination test in leptospira
microscopic (MAT)
dairy products food poisoning/zoonosis
brucella
SAT(standard agglutination test)for
brucella
eaton agar culture media for
mycoplasma
ashdown culture media for
burkholderia
selenite F culture media for
sheigella /salmonella
ludlams culture media for
staph aureus
mannitol salt agar culture med for
staph aureus
regan lowe culture media for
bordetella pertussis
bordet genghou culture media for
bordetella pertussis
corkscrew motility seen in
treponema
lashing motility
borrelia
borrelia recurrentis causes(2)
epidemic relapsing fever
endemic relapsing fever
epidimic relapsing fever transmitted by
louse
endemic relapsing fever transmitted by
soft tick
lyme’s disease transmitted by
hard tick
lyme’s disease caused by
borellia burkdoferri
atypical pneumonia with h/o water by
leioginella
cat scratch disease caused by
bartonella henslii
BCYE(buffer charcoal yeast) culture media for
legionella
cat scratch disease show which granuloma
stellate
erythema migrans seen in
lyme’s disease
which coxsackie cause hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
coxackie A24
castened biphasic agar for
brucella
palms and soles involving diseases(3)
sec syphilis
coxsackie A16
RMSF
great imitator
all types of rash except vescicobullous/pruritic
syphilis(sec?)
deep dermal tenderness on pressing in syphilis which sign
bushke ollendorf sign
condyloma lata by
treponema pallidum/syphilis
what type of lesion is condyloma lata
on oral mucosa
snail track lesion
condyloma accuminata caused by
HPV
primary syphilis shows
primary chncre
hard
painless
alopecia in syphilis
scarring/non scarring
moth eaten
tertiary syphilis
skin
cvs
cns
skin=gummas
cvs=aortic dissection
cns=tabes dorsalis/argyll robertson pupil(accomodates but does not react)
test to confirm syphilis
most specific
FTA ABS
epidemic typhus caused by
R.prowazekii
endemic typhys caused by
R.typhi
RMSF caused by
R.reketsii
indian tick typhus caused by
R.conori
african tick tuphus caused by
R.africae
ehrilichiosis affects
monocytes(GAME)
anaplasmosis affects
granulocytes(GAME)
rikettsial pox caused by
R.akari
scrub typhus caused by
R.tsutsugamushi
Q fever caused by
coxiella
IP for scrub typhus
1-3 weeks
7-21 days
ehrlichiosis transmit by
hard tick
anaplasmosis transmit by
hard tick
scrub typhus transmit by
mite
indian tick typhus transmit by
hard tick
babesiosis transmit by
hard tick
rekettsial pox transmit by
mite
RMSF transmit by
hard tick
african tick typhus tranmit by
hard tick
endemic typhus transmit by
flea
epidemic typhus transmit by
louse
larva of mite
chiggus
not killed by pasturization
coxiella
scrub typhus transmit by
mite
rikettsial pox transmit by
mite
cremean congo hemorrhagic fever transmit by
hard tick
kyanasaur forest disease transmit by
hard tick
orrentia transmit by
mite
red colored
transovarian transmission by
mite
D.lataum transmission by
cyclops
mosquito
mosquito sitting at angle
anopheles’
mosquito parallel to body
aedes
mosquito with hunchback
culex
mosquito with pistia plant
mansonia
mosquito in clean water
aenopheles
mosquito in artficial water
aedes
mosquito in dirty water
culex
mosquito with shortest flight
aedes(100m)
mosquito with largest flight
culex(10km)
mosquito with stripes on body
aedes
mosquito spotted wings
anopheles
mosquito causing malaria
anopheles female
mosquito causing dengue
aedes
mosquito causing chikungunya
aedes
mosquito causing yellow fever
aedes
mosquito causing west nile fever
culex
mosquitocausing zika virus fever
aedes
mosquito causing rift valley fever
aedes
mosquito causing JE
cules
mosquito causing filariasis by w.bankrofti
culex
mosquito causing filariasis by brugia malayi
mansonia
breateau index seen in
dengue
virus a/w pig
fruit bat
palm tree
nipah
virus a/w bat
deer
ebola
dead end/accidental host in JE
humans
amplifiers in JE
pig
amplifier that is vaccinated in JE
pig
reservoir in JE
water fowl
hairy sand fly transmit
kala azar
Rk39 text +ve in
kala azar
kinetoplast
geimsa stain in?
kala azar
amastigotes seen in
kala azar
LD bodies seen in
kala azar
fever+hsm+bihar/jharkhand
kala azar
monternegro test in
kala azar
JSB stain for peripheral smear in
malaria
smear for species identificatio
thin
smear for sensitivity/+/_
thick
1 microscope in _ population in malaria
25k
most imp measure of malaria control
annual parasite index
best indicator for operational efficacy
annual blood examination rate
best during outbreak
slide positivity rate
LDH/ aldolase for which malari species
all
HRP2 antigen in malaria for
p.falciparum
LDH/aldolase/hrp2 used in
card test /optimal test for
malaria
ring seen in for?
trophozoit
schizonts has
merozoits
schiff bodies seen in
p.vivax
james bodies seen in
p.ovale
trophozoit and schizonts seen in
p.ovale/p.vivax
merozoits relapse not seen in
p.falciparum
drug for relapse d/t merozoits
primaquin
Acole/multiple ring form seen in
p.falciparum
banana gametocyte seen in
p.falciparum
maurier bodies seen in
p.falciparum
band/Zeimann bodies seen in
p.malaria
maltese cross seen in infection
babesiosis
2 nucleus in giardia/trichomonas
giardia
nocyst in giardia/trichomonas
trichomonas
twitching/quivering motility
trichomonas
infective form in giardia
cyst
dimond culture media
trichonomas
giardia motility
falling leaf
darting/shooting star motility seen in
vibrio/campylobacter
what% agar inhibit swarming in proteus
6%
yeast i?
cryptococcus
yeast like is
candida
true hyphae in
mold
molds are
rhizopus
mucor
absidia
aspergillus
pseudohypae seen in
candida/east like
dimorphic fungi are
HSBC-PP
histoplasma
sporotrichosis
blastomycosis
coccidiomycosis
paracoccidiomycosis
penicillium/talaromycis
LPCB what preserves morphology
lactose
LPCB what is disinfectant
phenol
LPCB what is dye
cotton blue
galactomannan seen in
aspergillus
13 d Bglucan + aglactomannan investigation of
invasive aspergillosis
13DB galucan not +nt in
cryptococcus
mucor/rhizopus/absidia
blastomyces
G test for?
organism?
alpha 3 glucan
candidiasis
galactomannan is useful in which transplant
hematopoitic stem cell transplant
13DB glucan inhibited by
ecchinocandins
tuberculate/macroconidia seen in
histoplasmosis
intracellular yeast
histoplasmosis
ohio disease
histoplasmosis
mississippi disease
histoplasmosis
darling disease
histoplasmosis
mold in dimorphic yeast seen at tem?
cold(culture)
yeast form in dimorphic yeast seen at temp?
hot(h/p)
Chicago disease
blastomycoses
north american disease
blastomycoses
gilchrist disease
blastomycoses
broad base/ figure of 8 yeast
cutaneous
pulmonary/hilar LN Consolidation
granulomatous
blastomycoses
california disease
coccidiomycosis
valley fever
coccidiomycosis
spherules with endospores seen in yeast
coccidiomycosis
barrel shaped arthrospores in dimorphic yeast
coccidiomycosis
desert rheumatism by
coccidiomycosis
derest rheumatism involve
loints skin
south american disease/blastonycosis by
paracoccidiomycosis
lutz mycosis by
paracoccidiomycosis
paracoccidiomycosis involve
LN
hsm
skin
bamboo bats reservoir seen in
talaromyces/penicillium
chronic granulomatous south american/yeast
paracoccidiomycosis
mickey mouse/pilot wheel appearance
paracoccidiomycosis
broom brush appearance
talaromyces/penicillium
reddish on culture dimorphic yeast
talaromyces/penicillium
talaromyces/penicillium septate/non septate
septate
rose gardners disease
sporotrichosis
rossette of conidia in yeast
sporotrichosis
granulomatous diasease
spread via ln
yeast
sporotrichosis
asteroid bodies seen in yeast
sporotrichosis
thorn prick
linear noduloulcerating lesions
sporotrichosis
splendor horplii phenomenon seen in
sporotrichosis
immune complex with yeast
centre=basophilic
radiation-eosiniphilic
sporotrichosis
verrucous warty lesions
h/o bare foot
yeast
chromoblastomycosis
copper penny bodies seen in
chromoblastomycosis
medlar bodies seen in
chromoblastomycosis
sclerotic bodies seen in yeast
chromoblastomycosis
satellite lesions produed by scratching in yeast
chromoblastomycosis
mx in chromoblastomycosis
surgery—flucytosine/itraconazole
draining sinu=black granules in
eumycetoma/madura foot
painless mycetoma
eumycetoma/madura foot
draining sinus=yellow granules
actinomycetoma
mx of actinomycetoma
rifampicin/penicillin/cotrimoxazole
sub himalayan yeast
chromoblastomycosis
botyromycosis caused by
staph aureus
staph aureus skin infection drugs
amoxi-clav
drug for local fungal infection
itraconazol
drug for systemic fungal/dimorphic
amphotericin
cryptococcus polysaccharide capsule on microscopic in
india ink /nigrosine
cryptococcus CD4+ ?
<100/microliter
laccase +ve in which cryptococcus
cryptococcus=neoformans(A/D/AD serotype)
=gatti(B/C serotype)
most sensitive test for cryptococcus
csf/latex agglutinatin/card test
bird seed agar for
cryptococcus
niger seed agar colony color
brown colonies
cryptococcus catalase +ve or -ve
catalase +ve
otomycosis
mycotic ketatisis seen in
aspergillus
BEST test for
cryptococcus
acute angle branching
septate hypae in which fungus
aspergillus
mcc of fungal (2)rhinosinusitis
aspergillus fumigatus>flavua
aspergillus flavus color
yellow
aspergillus fumigatus color
dark green
aspergillus niger color
black
doc for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
voriconazol
fruiting body seen in fungu
aspergillus
phillides
basipital arrangement of conical vesicles
arial hyphae (septate)
aseptate conidiospores in?
aspergillus
obtuse /right angle branching
aseptate hyphae funguf
rhizopus/mucor
broad ribbon like hyphae in fungus
rhizopus/mucor
iron avoided in fungus
rhizopus/mucor
ubiquitous thermotolerant saprobes(3)
rhizopus/mucor
cladosporium
stain for rhizopus/mucor
grocott
gomori methamine silver
voriconazol/flucytosine does not work for
rhizopus/mucor
drugs for rhizopus/mucor(3)
isavaconazol
posaconazol
amphotericin B
pseudohyphae seen in
candida
corn meal agar test for?
shows?
candida
chlamydiospores
germ tube test for
on?
candida
corn meal agar
germ tube test +ve for(2)
candida albicans
c.dubiliensis
(c.tropicalis)
germ tube test shows which phenomenon
raynaud’s braud phenomenon
chrome agar to differentiate
candida species
red color on chrome agar
c.kruzie
green color on chrome agar
c.albicans
pink color on chrome agar
c.glabrata
yellow/white on chrome agar
c.parapsilosis
resistant to voriconazol candida(2)
c.kruzei
c.glabrata
oral non azole (triterpenoi)for candida
ibrexagungrep
dose of ibrexafungrep
600mg devided in 2 doses 12 hrs apart
fuction of ibrexafungrep
inhibit glucan synthesis
drug for vaginal candidiasis
dose
fluconazol
150mg
moniliasis caused by
candida
b/l ggo+cysts
b/l interstitial infiltrates
pneumocystis jeruvecii
ping pong cells on gms stain onBAL
pneumocystis jeruvecii
hiv CD4 count for pneumocystis jeruvecii
<200/ <15%
retrosternal chest pain
increased LDH
non productive cough
dense perihilar infiltrate
pneumocystis jeruvecii
b/l ggo+cysts
b/l interstitial infiltrates
retrosternal chest pain
increased LDH
non productive cough
dense perihilar infiltrate
pneumocystis jeruvecii
prophylaxis amd treatment for pneumocystis jeruvecii
cotrimoxazol
drugs for pneumocystis jeruvecii
cotrimixazol
aerolised pentamide
glucocorticoids
glucocorticoid inpneumocystis jeruvecii used when
paO2 <70%`
non bile stained eggs(3/4)
NEHA
nectar
enterobius vermicularis
H.nana
ancylostoma
eggs that dont float(3)
SUIT
strongyloides
unfertilised ascaris
intestinal tapeworm(tenia)
autoinfection caused by(5)
CHEST
cryptosporidium
H.nana
enterobius
strongyloides
tenia
cestodes(4)
1 tenia
2 H.nana
3 H.dimunita
4 D.latum
non bile stained egg
no intermediate host
H(hymenolepis).nana
dwarf tapeworm
H.nana
intermediate host pig
central scoles
tenia soluem
ncc=starry sky appearance in
tenia soleum
intermediate host cattle a/w burkitt’s lympnoma
tenia saginata
rat tapeworm
h.dimunita
Intermediate hosts=
1 cyclops
2 fish
d.latum
fish tapeworm
d.latum
which deficiency in D.latum infestation
B12
only cestode egg with operculum
D.lataum
3 parts in egg
H.dimunita
2 parts of egg
non bile stained
polar filaments
H.nana
2 parts in egg
radial striae
tenia
nematodes(5)
1 enterobius vermicularis
2 thichuns trichura
3 ascaris
4 nectar americans
(old=ancylostoma duodenale)
5 strongyloides
non bile stained plano convex egg
enterobius vermi
egg flag at 2 ends
trichuns trichura
largest eggs
ascaris
fertilised egg 2 parts
ascaris
unfertilised egg=irregular globules filled
ascaris
pinworm
enterobius vermi
perianal pruritis worm
enterobius
NIH swab test
entrobius vermi
scotch tape test
enterobius
rectal prolapse in which worm
trichuns trichura
non bile stained egg filled with blastomeres
hookworm(nectar americans/ancylostoma duodenale)
hookworm
(nectar americans/ancylostoma duodenale)
rhabtidiform larva(smallest) in
strongyloides
worm a/w crab
strongyloides
ovo-vivi turn egg immediately??? into larva
strongyloides
trematodes(7)
s.mansoni
s.japonicum
s.hematobium
clonorchis
ophistorchis
paragonium
fasciola
infective form of all trematodes?
excet?
metacercaria
exp=shistosoma=cercaria
tranmission of all trematodes by?
except?
feco oral
exp.shistosoma=skin
sexes in all trematodes?
except?
hermaphrodites
exp.shistostoma=separate sexes
eggs in all trematodes?
except?
operculated
exp=shistosoma=spines
definitive host in all trematodes
humans
primary intermediate host in all trematodes
snail
secondary intermediate host in clonorchis
fish
secondary intermediate host in ophisthorchis
fish
secondary intermediate host in fasciola
fresh aquatic vegetation
secondary intermediate host in paragonimus
crab
paragonimus infection in body where?
lungs
secondary intermediate host is absent in which trematode
shistostoma
lateral spine in trematode long egg
in s.mansoni
inferior mesentric plexus involved in trematode
s.mansoni
round egg(tissue paper like inside) without spine in shistostoma
s.japonicum
s.japonicum affects which plexus
superior mesentric
s.japonicum/s.mansoni go to liver cause
portal fibrosis/htn
katayama disease
portal fibrosis d/t s.japonicum/s.mansoni
terminal spine in long shistosoma egg
s.hematobium
squamous cc in bladder by trematode?
s.hematobium
s.hematobium involves which plexus
visceral plexus
fetal skull appearance on radiology d/t peripheral calcification of bladder in
s.hematobium
% of neutral buffer saline/formaline in microscope
10%
fixative used by light microscope
10% neutral buffer saline
fixative used in EM
cidax
2-2.5 % gluteraldehyde
slide used in EM
copper slide
slide used in LM
glass
resolution of EM
0.1/0.2/0.5 nm
resolution of LM
0.2 micrometer
EM for internal structures
transmission EM
EM for 3D image
scanning EM
embedding used in EM
resin
embedding used in LM
paraffin wax
max magnification in LM
1000x
ocular lens in LM +nt where
eye piece
magnific. of ocular lens
10x
objective lens magnufic.
4x
low power lens in LM magnific.
10x
high power lens in LM magnific
40x
oil immersion lens in LM magnific
100x
vacuum in EM needed for
e- transmission
which light used in LM
transmitted light
light used in dark field microscopy
reflected light
light used in phase contrast microscopy
refracted light
light used in fluorescent microscopy
UV light
UV light in fluorescent microscopy converted from-to
low wavelength to higher
UV light fluorescent microscopy converted by
dichroic mirror
auramine/rhodamine stain for
mycobacterium in fluorescent microscopy`
rhodanine stain fluorescent microscopy for?
copper
acridine orange stain fluorescent microscopy fro
malaria
acridine orange stain for malaria technique
kawamoto technique
calcofluor white stain fluorescent microscopy
fungal-chitin
FITC=?
flow cytometry
auto fluorescence seen in(2)
cyclospora
NADPH
G6PD deficiency shows
NADPH
flourospot test for
G6PD deficiency
coccidian parasites cause infection in ?
hiv AIDS
kinyon’s modification of?
used for?
zeil nelson stain/AF
coccidion parasites
kinyon stain does not have
heating
what acts as mordant in kinyon stain
increased phenol in carbol fuschin
cold acid fast stain is?
kinyon stain
smallest coccidian
cryptosporidium(4-8 micron)
non round coccidian/oval
cystoisospora/isosporsa
round coccidian(2)
sizes?
1 cryptosporidium(4-8 micron)
2 cyclospora=8-10 microns
cryptospora doc
nitazoxanide
cyclospora doc
cotrimixazole/tmp/smx
cystoisospors doc
cotrimoxazole/tmp/smx
unsheathed microfilaria(2)
1 oncocerca volvulus
2 mansonella perstans
sheathed microfilaria(3)
1 wuchereria bankroftii
2 brugia malai
3 loa loa
provocation test for microfilaria?
wuchereria bankrofti
absent nucleus in tail(2)
1 wuchereria bankroftii(sheathed)
2 onchocerca volvulus(unsheated)
2 nuclei in tail
brugia malayi
line of nuclei in tail(2)
1 loa loa
2 mansonella perstans
ssdna virus?
parvovirus
non enveloped ssdna virus
parvovirus
smallest virus
parvovirus
classification of dsdna
enveloped and non enveloped
non enveloped dsdna
adenovirus
papova(papilloma and polyoma)
BK virus under which class
polyoma -papova-non enveloped-dsdna
JC virus under which class
polyoma-papova-non evnelopes-dsdna
enveloped dsdna that replicates thru rna intermediate
hepatitis B /hepadna
enveloped dsdna(3)
herpes family
pox
hep B/hepadina
cmv belongs to which family
herpes(enveloped dsdna
space ship shaped virus
classification
adenovirus
nonenveloped
dsdna
hpv class
papiloma-papova-nonenveloped-dsdna
hiv+white matter involvement in
progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy
progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy caused by
JC virus(junky cerebrum)
graft nephropathy in kidney transplant caused by virus
BK virus
mcc of viral corneal ulcer
hsv1
decoy cells found in
kidney graft nephropathy by BK cells
icosahedral symmetry seen in ?
except?
DNA virus
except=pox (complex symmetry)
mcv show which phenomenon in skin
pseudokobners phenomenon
nucliec acid replication seen in ?
except?
1 all dna (except pox=cytoplasm)
2 rna=retro/influenza/measles
non immune hydrops caused
parvovirus B19
virus mimicking joint d/o
parvo B19
glove and stalking papulopruritis by virus
parvoB19
herpes family contains(5)
hsv1
hsv2
ebv
cmv
vzv
dsrna
rota/rheo
rna virus with single copy?
except?
all
except=retroviru(2 copies)
examples of rtro virus(2)
hiv/htlv
rna virus that are unsegmented?
except?
all
except=BIRA(segmented
1 bunya=3
2 uinfluenza=8
3 rota=11
4 arena=2
rna virus replicating in nucleus
retro
influenza
measles
rna virus replicating in nucleus with 2 copies of ssrna
first converts to dna then thru reverse transcriptase converts to rna
retro
rna virus replicating in nucleus segmented with 8 segments
influenza
central umbilication in cutaneous lesion
molluscum contagiosum
(pox virus)
(enveloped ds dna)
(replicating in cytoplasm)
henderson peterson bodies seen in
mcv
only dna virus family replicating in cytoplasm
pox(includes mcv)
only dna virus with complex symmetry
pox
stain used for nrgri bodies
seller stain
negri bodies seen in infection
rabies
negri bodies seen in organs(2)
purkinje cells of cerebellum
hippocampus
2 types of cowdry A bodies
1 lipshultz(in hsv)
2 torres bodies(in yellow fever)
margination multinucleation
moulding seen in virus
hsv
ballooning on zank smearseen in
hsv
cowdry A are intranuclear or intra cytoplasmic
intranuclear
cowdry B bodies seen in(2)
1 adeno
2 polio
HaY bAP?
cowdry A in hsv and yf
cowdry B in adeno and polio
koilocytes in virus
HPV
pap smear with perinuclear clearing cells k/s?
seen in?
koilocytes
hpv
intracytoplasmic+intranuclear bodies in virus
cells k/s
seen in
warthin kickeldey gaint cells
measles
intranuclear+intracytoplasmic bodies +owl eye (basophilic)
cmv
eosinophic owl eye in? v/s basophilic owl eye
eosino=hodgkins lymphoma(reidsternberg)
baso=cmv infection
vzv infection?
reinfection?
reinfection in geniculate ganglion?
chickenpox
shigles
ramsay hunts yndrome
shingles lesion along?
dermatomal distribution
mc complication of shingles/vzv
post herpetic neuralgia/pain
bells’ palsy
erosions vesicles in pinna and EAC seen in
ramsay hunt syndrome
ebv enters which cells?
via?
B cells
via CD21
ebv infection thru entering b cells cause(5)
hl
nhl-dlbcl
NPca
ohl
Ca.stomach
ebv thru saliva in adolescence causes
kissings disease
aka infectious mononucleosis
infectious mononucleosis sign symptoms
fever
hsm
psot cervical ln
smear on ebv infection(infectious mononucleosis)
ballarina skirt (in cytokine t cells) k/s Downey’s cells
agglutination test for ebv?
which type of agglutination
paul bunnel/monospot test
hetrophile agglutination
monospot test is aka
paul bunnel test
diffuse morbiliform rash after taking ampicillin is seen in
infectious mononucleosis
blunting of villi in duodenum and proximal jejunum by virus
rota viruss
extensive colonic injury with yellow white adherent layer in
c.defficle
flask shaped ulceration in cecum and ascending colon
entamoeba histolytica
foamy macrophages in small intestine lamina propria
whipple’s
blunting of intestinal villi by bacteria
EPEC
mcc of uti in females
E.coli
second mcc of uti in females
staph.saprophyticus
uti+catalase +ve +coagulase negative (cons)+ g+ve
staph saprophyticus
novobiocin resistant cons
staph. saprophyticus
novobiosin sensitive cons
staph epidermidis
prosthetic devise/biofilms infection/early IE
staph epidermidis
liquid/oily/greasy
liquid paraffin sterlized in
hot air oven
heat sensitive vaccine sterlized by
membrane filtration
lss /lj medium(egg containing)
sterlised in
not heat
inspissation
all sutures sterlized by?
except?
autoclave
except catgut (gamma sterlization)
kopliks spots seen in place
oral mucosa -near molar tooth
koplik’s spots seen in disease
measles
does measles rash involve palms and soles?
no
mc complication of measles
om
mcc of mortality in measle
pneumonia
delayed complication of measles
sspe=subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
which is the first disease
measles
which is the second disease
scarlet fever
scarlet fever caused by
strep.pyogenes
scarlet fever caused by which class of strep
gas
scarlet fever to be differentiated from
kawasaki
non vaccinated child h/o rash deteriorating in school
complication of measles =sspe
scarlet fever features
=mimicking kawasaki
strawberry tongue
rash
=unique to scarlet fever
sandpaper rash
pastia lines(linear lines on flexion)
diagnosis of kawasaki “
crash and burn
c=conjunctivitis
r=rash
a=adenopathy
s=strawberry tongue
h= hand swelling
burn=fever >5days
management of kawasaki
IVIG+aspirsn
u/ enlarged ln >1.5cm
kawasaki v/s scarlet?mc complication in kawasaki
kawasakimyocarditis
most specific complication for kawasaki
coronary artery aneurism
MI in pediatrics
aspirin not given in children because
it causes reye’s syndrome
reye’s syndrome
vasculas asteatosis
acute liver failure
which is th third disease
rubella
rubella spots?
forchiemer’s spots/ palatal spots
ln involved in rubella
post auricular ln
rubella in pediatrics features
pda>ps>vsd>asd
forchiemer’s spot/palatal
post auricular ln
which is the fourth disease
duke’ disease
which is the fifth disease
erythema infectiosum
erythema infectiosum caused
parvo B 19
slapped cheek disease k/s
erythema infectiosum/parvoB19
dog ear appearance on rbc in
parvo b19infection
pure red cell aplasia
parvo b 19 attackes rbc thruparvo b19 infections
pAG
mcc of non immune hydrops
parvo b19
parvo b19 infections
erythema infectiousum(slapped cheek)
pure red cell aplasia
pruritic papular glove and stolkind syndrome(ppgs)rare
nih
rheumatoid arthritis
which is the sixth disease
roseola infantum
roseola infantum aka
exenthema subitum
sixth disease caused by
hhv 6
petechial palatal rash /like rubella k/s
nagayama spots
seizure can be seen in which exenthema of pediatrics?
other organism?
sixth disease
shiegella
very high fever
goes down
then rash in which enenthema
sixth dieases
2 phenomenon in influenza
1 reassortment(ag shift)
2 point mutation(ag drift)
sudden ag shift in influenza causes pandemic or epidemic or endemic
pandemic
gradually accumulating point mutation ag drift causes in influenza
endemics/epidemics
‘SR-DP’
shift=reassortment
drift=point mutation
antibody dependent enhancement seen in virus
dengue
what is antibody dependent enhancement in dengue
antibody of previous infection serovere facilitate infection of new serovere
causes severe infection
ioc for any calcification
ncct
calcific in brain 3 types in congenital infections
1 gm-wm junction=zika
2 periventricular=cmv
3 =parenchymal=toxoplasmosis
Australian ag =epidemiological factor (hep)
HBsAg
first marker to rise in hep b(by 1/2 month/peek by 3 months)
HBsAg
hep b active infection present if which ag present
HBsAg(surface)
acute or chronic hep b infection seen by
ANTI-HBc
IgM=acute
IgG=chronic
what in hep b does not come out in blood
HBcAg(core)
presence oh ANTI HBsAg?
HBsAg disappeared(no more infection)
immunity present
recovered/vaccinated
infectivity given by
HBeAg(envelope)
when only ANTI HBcAg present
between fall of HBsAg and rise of ANTI HBsAg
window period
bioterrorism cat A(4)
1 anthrax
2 botulism
3 plague
4 viral hemorrhagic fever(yf/ebola/kfd/marburg/lassa)
viral hemorrhagic fevers are
1 yf
2 ebola
3 kfd
4 marburg
5 lassa
bioterrorism cat c
emerging infections
1 nipah
2 hanta
3 sars
bioterrorism cat b(12)
1 brucella
2 epsilon toxin(c.perfringens)
3 salmonella
4 shigella
5 e.coli o157;h7
6staph=enterotoxin B
7 v cholera
8 q fever
9 typhus
10 psittacosis
11 glanders
12 melioidosis
toxoplasmosis=oocyst/bradyzoits/tachyzoits
oocysts=cat feces
bradyzoid=cat meat
tachy=verticle transmission
SUMANK for
hand wash
phase contrat microscopy for seeing(3
1 hairy cells
2 motility
3 internal contents
dark field microscopy for (2)
spirochetes
flagella
dark microscopy from lm change in?
condensor
background is stained in
india ink/nigrosine/negative stain
india ink/nigrosine/negative stain for
cryptococcus
silver impregnation types (2)
1 levaditi for tissue
2 fontana for fluid
silver impregnation used for
spirochetes
warthin starry stain for(3)
1 h.pylori
2 trichoferma whipelli
3 bartonella
gomori methamine stain for which organism
fungus(whole not cw)
come in and stain for=?
gram stain
1 crystal voilet/methyl violet/gention violet
2 idodine
3 alcohol/acetone
4 saffranine/carbol fuschin/neutral red
mordant/fixer in gram stain
iodine
mordant/fixer in zn stain
heat
decolorizer in gran stain
alcohol/acetone
decolorizer in zn ztain
H2So4
gram stain stains +ved/t
more peptidoglycans
‘came’
zn ztain
1 carbolfuschin
2 heat
3 acid(h2so4)
4 methelene blue/malachite green
acid fast firstgiven by
paul ehrlich
acid fast modified by
zeilnelson
conc of decoloriser for TB
25-20%
conc of decoloriser for nocardia/leioginella
1%
conc of decoloriser for leprosy
5%
fite foraco stain ?
for?
5% h2so4 in zn ztain
leprosy
conc of decoloriser for cryptospora/isospora/
bacterial spore
sperm head
0.5%
stain for spores
0.5%h2so4-zn
shaeffer and Fulton
ashby
ponder/albert/niesser
stain for coryn diptheri spores
ponder
albert
niesser’s
albert stain for(2)
1 coryn dipth
2 mast cells
steps albert stain
dry fixation
albert stain for 3-4 mins
alb iodine=1 min
wash
oil emersion
TIM for albert stain
toludine blue
iodine
malachite green
ashby stain ?
cytoplams=safranin
counter stain=malachite green
ashby stain for spores?
bascilli
clostridium
pentapeptide cross bridge present in g+ve or g-ve
g+ve
peptidoglycans more in present in g+ve or g-ve
g+ve
teichoic acid present in g+ve or g-ve
g+
lipoteichoic acid present in g+ve or g-ve
g+
endotoxin/lps present in g+ve or g-ve
g-ve
O ag present in g+ve or g-ve
g-ve
periplasmic space present in g+ve or g-ve
g-ve
lps present in g+ve or g-ve
g-ve
endoflagella present where
inperiplasmic space
beta lactamase are present where
periplasmic space
outer membrane of g-ve m/o
o=o ag
c=core polysaccaride
a=lipid A
lipid A present in g+ve or g-ve
gram -ve
linnulus amoebocyte assay(LAL) for?
endotoxin testing in g-ve
unique amino acid to g+ve bact
diaminopimetic acid(dap)
h antigen present on ?
present in g+ve or g-ve
flagella
both
present in g+ve AND g-ve
1 flagella
2 pilus
3 capsule
widal test fro?
salmonella
ag for widal test
h-o
endotoxin
SHIN bact
s= strp pneumoniae
hi=hemophilus influenza
n=neisseria meningitidis
all bacteria containig polysaccharides(8)
1 S
2 HI
3 N
4 klebsiella
5 clostridium perfringes
6 b pertussis
7 yersinia pestis
8 vibrio parahemolyticus
wayson stain for
yersinia pestis
bipolar safety pin appearance in
1 y.pesti
2 v.parahemplyticus
3 klebsiella granulomatis
4 hemophilus ducryi
5 burkholderia pseudomalayi
hyaluronic acid capsule in
strep pyogenes
cell wall deficient stable
mycoplasma
protoplast is
g+ve cw deficient L form
spheroplast is
g-ve cw deficient L form
only gram +ve that produces endotoxin
listeria
cold enrichment media for
listeria
exotoxin +nt in g+ve or g-ve
both
heat stable
exotoxin or endotoxins
endotoxin
(except ETEC ST exotoxin)
heat labile exotoxin or endotoxins
exotoxin(except ETEC ST exotoxin)
low antigenicity/toxicity
exotoxin or endotoxins
endotoxin
released by lysis
exotoxin or endotoxins
endotoxin
cannot be develope/no vaccine/no toxoid exotoxin or endotoxins
endotoxin
high antigenicity
exotoxin or endotoxins
exotoxin
exotoxin
lipid A actions on(3)
1 macrophage activation(TLR4/CD14)
2 complement action
3 tissue factor activation
complement action works by (2)
1 C3a=histamine release(hypotension/edema)
2 C5a= histamine release
neutrophil epistaxis
coagulation cascade by
tissue factor
DIC
macrophage activation acts by
1 1l-1/il-6
tnf alpha
no
tnf alpha causes
fever and hypotension
IL-1/IL-6 causes
fever
IL-1/IL-6 acted by
mcrophages activation
no derived from
arginine
organ of locomotion
flagella
organ of adherence
pili
organ of conjugation
pili
stain for flagella
leifson and ryu
leifson and ryu stain for
flagella
monotrichous flaggelate(2)
vibrio
pseudomonas
lophotrichous flagellate(2)
h.pylori
bartonella-bascilliformis
ampnitrichous flagellate(1)
spirilla
peritrichous flagellate
1 listeria
2 e.coli
3 clostridium
4 b.ceres
5 proteus
soild agar %
2%
agar % to prevent swarming
6%
nutrition in solid agar +/-
-nt
semi solid %
0.5 %
semi solid agar to see
motilty
ovo vivi parus?
parthenogenesis
parthenogenesis seen in
strongyloides
cholangiocarsinoma by which worm
trematode=clonorchis/ophisthorchis
which ecchimococcus mimc hcc
e.multilocularis
cartwheel nuclei
4 nucli in cyst
1 nucli in trophozoit
ent.histolytica
flask shaped /ancovy sauce
ent histolytica
fruit bat
palm tree
pig
nipah virus
bat deer monkey?
ebola virus
cow tick(2)
cremean congo
KFD
cow tick primates humans FOREST
kfd
frenkle test
toxoplasmosis
fairley test
schistosomiasis
bachmann test
trichinellosis
icterohemorrhagic sewage worker
wiel’s disease
leptospira
dinger’ring on EMJH
gcs v4
confused
cold agglutinition
in mycoplasma
ebv
typer 4 pili seen in
neiserria
cilia in which organism
balantidium coli
mc coccidian parasite causing diarrhea in hiv/aids
c.hominis
7 year of symmetry
7x wt
1:1 ht
biosafety level of xdr
3
molecular handling covid bsl?
rtpcr
2
sars covid bsl
culture /isolation
3
receptor for hiv binding to cd4 cells
gp 120
receptor for fusion of hiv with cd4
gp41
anti hiv drug for gp 41
enfuviritide
anti hiv drug for cd4
ibalizumab
salvasan
french for
syphillis
fullborne test for
strongyloides
mazzotti test for
oncocerca
montenegro test for
leishmania
casoni test for
hydatid cyst
Bachmann Test for
Trichenella
Frenkel test for
toxoplasma
non enveloped rna virus=
PERC
1 picorna
2 hep e
3 rota
4 calci?
picorna=perch
1 polio
echo
3 rhino
4 coxsaci
5 hep a
hep a is enveloped or non enveloped
non enveloped
hep e is enveloped or non enveloped
non enveloped
rota is enveloped or non enveloped
non enveloped
polio is enveloped or non enveloped
non enveloped
coxsaci is enveloped or non enveloped
non enveloped
rhino is is enveloped or non enveloped
non enveloped
herpes is enveloped or non enveloped
enveloped
mcv is enveloped or non enveloped
enveloped
malaria form in mosquito bite
sporozoit
malaria form in transfusion
trophozoite
malaria form in placental transfer
merozoit
red fungus(2)
talaromyces/penicillium
trychophyton rubrum
hair perforation test for(3)
t mentegrophytes
(shonleni
tonsurans)
mcc of kerion(2)
t mentegrophytes>t verrucosum
smallest nematodes
strongyloides
PAH pulmonary artery hypertension in which worm
schistostoma hematobium
which coxsaci for palm and soles
coxsaci 16
ox 2+/ox 19 in
r recketsii
how many samples for IE
how many +ve for coxiella
> =3 diff sites
diff time=30 mins apart
for coxiella 1 +ve
ox k+ in
scrub typhus
portal htn /liver cirrhosis in which worms
schistosoma 1 mansoni
2 japonicum
jet actin motility
listeria
malachite green in culture for
m.tb
nicotinic Ach receptors for which virus
rabies
receptor for rhino virus
ICAM 1
ace2 are receptors for
sars cov 2
urine specimen = pp65 antigen test
cmv
devil’ grip appearence in
coxsaci b
shipyard eye appearance in
adenovirus
Torres body appearance in
yellow fever
breateau index seen in
dengue
Cat feces contains
oocyst
meat feces contains
bradycyst/zoit
vertical transmission of toxoplasm
tachyzoite
Chaga’s disease caused by
T.cruzi
reduvid bug transmits
Chaga’s disease
T.cruzi
Romana’s sign seen in
Chaga’s disease
T.cruzi
