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AM > Bioc > Flashcards

Bioc Flashcards

1
Q

Hormone active in Fed state

A

Insulin

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2
Q

all organs in fed state utilize glucose except

A

heart utilizes fatty acid

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3
Q

what does heart utilizes in fed state

A

Fatty acid

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4
Q

When does fasting state occur

A

12 to 18 hours after meal

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5
Q

first catabolic activity in fasting state is

A

Glycogenolysis

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6
Q

Second step in fasting state after GlycoGenolysis

A

Gluconeogenesis

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7
Q

gluconeogenesis requires what Substrate In fasting state

A

Fatty acid

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8
Q

Main substrate in fasting state is? except in?

A

fatty acid
except RBC’s utilizing glucose
And brain utilizing glucose

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9
Q

RBC’s utilize what substrate in starvation

A

glucose

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10
Q

Brain utilizes what in fasting state

A

glucose

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11
Q

When does starving occur

A

1 to 3 days after meal

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12
Q

Main substrate in starvation is

A

Ketone bodies

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13
Q

Ketone bodies are utilized by which organs in starvation

A

BHM
brain heart muscles

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14
Q

Rate limiting enzyme for ketone body synthesis is

A

HMG CoA synthase

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15
Q

Which enzyme is lacking in liver so that it can not utilize ketone bodies

A

thiophorase

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16
Q

Which enzyme is common in ketone body synthesis and breakdown

A

thiolase

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17
Q

Which thio enzyme of ketone body synthesis is present in liver

A

thiolase

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18
Q

First ketone body to be formed is

A

acetoacetate

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19
Q

Most common ketone body to be utilized is

A

beta hydroxy butyrate

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20
Q

Which ketone body causes fruity smell

A

Acetone

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21
Q

What does liver utilizes in starvation

A

AA
amino acids

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22
Q

adipose tissue utilizes what In starvation

A

Fatty acid

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23
Q
A
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24
Q

Enzymes activated when dephosphorylated
Which pathways

A

Regulated by insulin
Anabolic pathways

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25
Q

Anabolic pathways regulated by insulin

A

Glycogen synthesis fatty acid synthesis cholesterol triglyceride synthesis protein synthesis

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26
Q

Anabolic pathways takes place in

A

Cytoplasm

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27
Q

Non anabolic Or catabolic pathway regulated by insulin

A

glycolysis

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28
Q

which is amphibolic pathway

A

Krebs cycle

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29
Q

Insulin causes increase or decrease of protein kinase activity

A

Decrease in protein kinase activity

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30
Q

Enzymes activated in phosphorylated state due to which Hormone

A

Glucagon

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31
Q

Hormone activated in fasting state

A

Glucagon

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32
Q

Enzymes activated by increased cAMP Under which hormone

A

Glucagon

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33
Q

which state fed or fasting is diabetes mellitus like

A

Fasting state glucagon predominant

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34
Q

Lipoprotein lipase activated In which state under which hormone

A

fed stateunder insulin

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35
Q

lipoprotein lipase is anabolic or catabolic enzyme

A

anabolic

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36
Q

hormone sensitive lipase in fed and fasting

A

fasting

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37
Q

hormone sensitive lipase Catabolic or anabolic

A

Catabolic

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38
Q

Catabolic pathways takes place where
Except

A

Mitochondria
except Glycogenolysis In cytoplasm

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39
Q

Hug pathways that takes place in both mitochondria and cytoplasm

A

Heme synthesis
Urea cycle
Gluconeogenesis

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40
Q

Pathways in fasting state under glucagon

A

Ketone body synthesis
ketone body breakdown
fatty acid oxidation
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis

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41
Q

Keton body synthesis occurs under Insulin or glucagon

A

glucagon

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42
Q

Acetyl coenzyme a is substrate for gluconeogenesis or promoter

A

Not substrate only promoter

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43
Q

Substrates for gluconeogenesis

A

Alanin cahill cycle
lactate Cori cycle
Glycerol
Propionyl Coenzyme A odd chain

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44
Q

HC of L A

A

lipoprotein lipase is in anabolic
Hormone sensitive lipase is in catabolic

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45
Q

PFK 1/ phosphifructokinase 1 in anabolic or catabolic

A

Anabolic

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46
Q

Glycolysis alone how many ATPwith Kreb cycle how many ATP

A

Glycolysis alone 2ATPS with Krebs cycle 32 ATP’S

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47
Q

Glycolysis activated or inhibited by
ATPor AMP

A

AMP activates ATPa inhibits

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48
Q

Glycogen synthesis is in fat state or fasting state under insulin or glucagon

A

Glycogen synthesis in Fed state under insulin

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49
Q

Ketone body synthesis occurs in

A

Liver alone

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50
Q

Ketone body breakdown occurs in

A

BHM brain heart muscle not liver

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51
Q

Ketone body Breakdown does not occur in liver due to absence of which enzyme

A

Thiophorase

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52
Q

Liver and BHM organs Both have which enzyme for ketone body metabolism

A

thiolase

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53
Q

Steps of heme synthesis occurring in cytoplasm

A

Porphobilinogen to
hydroxybilane to
uroporphyrinogen 3 to
coproporphyrinogen 3

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54
Q

Acute intermittent porphyria Occurs at which step
which enzyme

A

Porphobilinogen to hydroxymethylbilane
Enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase

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55
Q

Acute abdominal pain plus neuropathy neuroviscerall symptoms in which porphyria

A

Acute intermittent porphyria

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56
Q

which porphyria is associated with hepatitis C infection

A

porphyria Cutanea Tarda

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57
Q

Which Porphyria associated with hiv infection

A

porphyria Cutanea Tarda

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58
Q

which porphyria has blisters on knuckles

A

porphyria Cutanea Tarda

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59
Q

Porphyria sporadic with liver involvement cutaneous blisters and photosensitivity

A

porphyria Cutanea Tarda

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60
Q

Porphyria due to uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase enzyme deactivation

A

porphyria Cutanea Tarda

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61
Q

Enzyme in between mitochondria and cytoplasm in heme synthesis is

A

ALA dehydratase

62
Q

Steps of heme synthesis occurring in mitochondria

A

Succinyl coA and glycine to amino levulinic acid protoporphyrin to heme

63
Q

Amino acid required for heme synthesis

A

Glycine and succinyl coenzyme a

64
Q

Rate limiting enzyme of heme synthesis and step

A

ALA synthase
Succinyl co A + glycine to aminolevullinic acid

65
Q

Secondary active transport for glucose absorption that is unilateral

A

SGLT

66
Q

Difference between diffusion and transport

A

Diffusion is always along the gradient

67
Q

Graph Comparing diffusion

A

Bioc BTR 2.0 8:54

68
Q

Tm on diffusion graph is?

A

Transporters are saturated

69
Q

Example of primary active transport

A

1 Na-K- ATP pump
2 H pump (Proton pump)
3 Ca ATPase pump

70
Q

Na-K- ATP pump function

A

utilizes one or ATP
throws 3 Na out
2 K in

71
Q

Function of Ca ATPase pump

A

utilizes ATP to bring calcium back into sarcoplasmic reticulum

72
Q

Secondary active transports are

A

1 SGLT Sodium glucose coTransport 2 Na- I symporter
(sodium iodide symport In thyroid)
3 Other Sodium pumps

73
Q

SGLT is present on luminal side or blood vessel side

A

Luminal

74
Q

S G L T receptors in intestine

A

Sglt 1

75
Q

S G L T receptor in kidney

A

SGLT 2

76
Q

glifozins inhibit which transporters

A

SGLT 2 In kidneys

77
Q

glifozins Cause glycosuria because

A

They inhibit SGLT 2 transporters in kidney

78
Q

glifozins Can cause

A

1 uti
2 candidiasi
3 fornier’s Gangrene

79
Q

fornier’s Gangrene Can be caused by which antidiabetics

A

glifozin’s

80
Q

candidiasis Can be caused by which antidiabetics

A

glifozins

81
Q

UTI Can be caused by which antidiabetics

A

glifozins

82
Q

GLP 2 Analogs are used in
Example

A

intestine
Short bowel syndrome
Teduglutide

83
Q

GLP 1 analogs are associated with

A

Diabetes

84
Q

glutides are?

A

GLP analouges

85
Q
A
86
Q

Facilitated transport For glucose that is bilateral

A

GLUT

87
Q

Prevention of glucose from going out again in facilitated transport that is bilateral is due to

A

Phosphorylation of glucose by phosphokinase or hexokinase To glucose 6 phosphate

88
Q

GLUT present in brain placenta kidney

A

GLUT 1 and GLUT 3

89
Q

G L U T present in erythrocytes

A

GLUT 1

90
Q

G L U T present in small intestine

A

GLUT 2 And GLUT 5

91
Q

GLUT in pancreas

A

GLUT 2

92
Q

GLUT with low affinity

A

GLUT 2

93
Q

GLUT in Fed state low affinity or high affinity

A

GLUT 2 low affinity

94
Q

G L U T in liver

A

GLUT 2

95
Q

Basal uptake of glucose by which GLUT

A

GLUT 1

96
Q

GLUT with highest affinity

A

GLUT 3

97
Q

GLUT responsible for insulin Stimulated glucose uptake

A

GLUT 4

98
Q

GLUT in heart

A

GLUT 4

99
Q

GLUT in adipose tissue

A

GLUT 4

100
Q

GLUT in skeletal muscle

A

GLUT 4

101
Q

GLUT 4 present in

A

Heart
skeletal muscles
adieposed tissue

102
Q

Glut 3 present in

A

Brain kidney placenta

103
Q

GLUT 2 present in

A

Liver pancreas small intestine

104
Q

GLUT one present in

A

Brain kidney placenta erythrocytes

105
Q

GLUT 5 present in

A

Small intestine
sperms

106
Q

GLUT present in sperm

A

GLUT 5

107
Q

Glycogenolysis occurs at what hours of fasting

A

Zero to 16

108
Q

Gluconeogenesis occurs at what hours of fasting

A

16 to 48

109
Q

Starvation after how many days of fasting

A

1to 3
days

110
Q

Ketone bodies can be utilised by

A

Brain heart muscles

111
Q

Muscles utilise what in starvation state

A

Ketone bodies
amino acids
fatty acids

112
Q

Brain utilises what in fasting state

A

Glucose

113
Q

Brain utilises what inside state

A

Glucose

114
Q

Brain utilises what in starvation state

A

Ketone bodies

115
Q

Heart utilises what in Fed state

A

Fatty acid

116
Q

Heart utilises what in starvation state

A

Ketone body

117
Q

Rbc’s utilises what in Fed state

A

Glucose

118
Q

Rbc’s utilise what in fasting state

A

Glucose

119
Q

Rbc’s utilise what in starvation state

A

Glucose

120
Q

Adipose tissue utilises what in starvation state

A

Fattyacid

121
Q

Adipose tissue utilises what in fasting state

A

Fatty acid

122
Q

adipose tissue utilises whatin Fed state

A

Glucose

123
Q

What among glucose fatty acid ketone bodies amino acid does not cross blood brain barrier

A

Fatty acid

124
Q

Highest thermic effect seen in

A

Protein

125
Q

Respiratory Quotient of carbohydrate is

A

1

126
Q

Lysyl oxidase requires which metal

A

Copper

127
Q

Quantification of dna methylation Is doneby

A

Bisulfite sequencing

128
Q

Which RNA does not require capping

A

tRNA

129
Q

Vitamin C is not formed in humans due to lack of

A

L gulonolatone

130
Q

Tyrosinase requires which metal

A

copper

131
Q

Albinism or Menke’s kinky defect seen in deficiency of which metal

A

copper

132
Q

Fanconi bickle syndrome is due to Defect of what

A

Glut 2

133
Q

What synthesis is inhibited in Fanconi Bickle syndrome

A

Glycogen synthesis in liver and kidney

134
Q

Liver cannot utilise ketone bodies due to absence of

A

Thiophorase

135
Q

Flozin drugs inhibit what

A

SGLT 2

136
Q

Which among glucokinase And hexokinase has high affinity towards glucose

A

Hexokinase

137
Q

Glucokinase is present in which organs

A

Liver and B cell of pancreas

138
Q

Which among glucokinase and hexokinase have has higher km value

A

glucokinase

139
Q

2 3 bi PG Is synthesised during

A

R L Shunt

140
Q

Which shunts do not produce atp

A

RL Shunt
H M P Shunt

141
Q

What promotes release of oxygen and decreased affinity of oxygen to haemoglobin

A

2 3bi PG

142
Q

Most gluconeogenic amino acid

A

Alanin

143
Q

Which is A strong activator of gluconeogenesis but not a substrate

A

Acetyl Co A

144
Q

Fructose 6 phosphate converts to What in fasting state

A

Glucose gluconeogenesis

145
Q

Fructose 6 phosphate converts 2 what in Fed state

A

Fructose 2 6 bi phosphate by PFK 2
Fructose one 6 bi Phosphate by PFK 1
Further to glucose

146
Q

PFK1. PFK2 And fructose 2 6 bi phosphate favours which process

A

Glycolysis

147
Q

Fructose bi phosphatase 2 Activated in which State

A

Fasting state

148
Q

Fructose bi phosphatase 2 activates what

A

Fructose bi phosphatase 1

149
Q

Fructose bi phosphatase 1 Function

A

Convert fructose 16 bi phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate

150
Q

Fructose bi phosphatase 2 Function

A

Converts fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 2 6 bi Phosphate

151
Q
A
152
Q
A

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