Bioc Flashcards
1
Q
Hormone active in Fed state
A
Insulin
2
Q
all organs in fed state utilize glucose except
A
heart utilizes fatty acid
3
Q
what does heart utilizes in fed state
A
Fatty acid
4
Q
When does fasting state occur
A
12 to 18 hours after meal
5
Q
first catabolic activity in fasting state is
A
Glycogenolysis
6
Q
Second step in fasting state after GlycoGenolysis
A
Gluconeogenesis
7
Q
gluconeogenesis requires what Substrate In fasting state
A
Fatty acid
8
Q
Main substrate in fasting state is? except in?
A
fatty acid
except RBC’s utilizing glucose
And brain utilizing glucose
9
Q
RBC’s utilize what substrate in starvation
A
glucose
10
Q
Brain utilizes what in fasting state
A
glucose
11
Q
When does starving occur
A
1 to 3 days after meal
12
Q
Main substrate in starvation is
A
Ketone bodies
13
Q
Ketone bodies are utilized by which organs in starvation
A
BHM
brain heart muscles
14
Q
Rate limiting enzyme for ketone body synthesis is
A
HMG CoA synthase
15
Q
Which enzyme is lacking in liver so that it can not utilize ketone bodies
A
thiophorase
16
Q
Which enzyme is common in ketone body synthesis and breakdown
A
thiolase
17
Q
Which thio enzyme of ketone body synthesis is present in liver
A
thiolase
18
Q
First ketone body to be formed is
A
acetoacetate
19
Q
Most common ketone body to be utilized is
A
beta hydroxy butyrate
20
Q
Which ketone body causes fruity smell
A
Acetone
21
Q
What does liver utilizes in starvation
A
AA
amino acids
22
Q
adipose tissue utilizes what In starvation
A
Fatty acid
23
Q
A
24
Q
Enzymes activated when dephosphorylated
Which pathways
A
Regulated by insulin
Anabolic pathways
25
Anabolic pathways regulated by insulin
Glycogen synthesis fatty acid synthesis cholesterol triglyceride synthesis protein synthesis
26
Anabolic pathways takes place in
Cytoplasm
27
Non anabolic Or catabolic pathway regulated by insulin
glycolysis
28
which is amphibolic pathway
Krebs cycle
29
Insulin causes increase or decrease of protein kinase activity
Decrease in protein kinase activity
30
Enzymes activated in phosphorylated state due to which Hormone
Glucagon
31
Hormone activated in fasting state
Glucagon
32
Enzymes activated by increased cAMP Under which hormone
Glucagon
33
which state fed or fasting is diabetes mellitus like
Fasting state glucagon predominant
34
Lipoprotein lipase activated In which state under which hormone
fed stateunder insulin
35
lipoprotein lipase is anabolic or catabolic enzyme
anabolic
36
hormone sensitive lipase in fed and fasting
fasting
37
hormone sensitive lipase Catabolic or anabolic
Catabolic
38
Catabolic pathways takes place where
Except
Mitochondria
except Glycogenolysis In cytoplasm
39
Hug pathways that takes place in both mitochondria and cytoplasm
Heme synthesis
Urea cycle
Gluconeogenesis
40
Pathways in fasting state under glucagon
Ketone body synthesis
ketone body breakdown
fatty acid oxidation
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis
41
Keton body synthesis occurs under Insulin or glucagon
glucagon
42
Acetyl coenzyme a is substrate for gluconeogenesis or promoter
Not substrate only promoter
43
Substrates for gluconeogenesis
Alanin cahill cycle
lactate Cori cycle
Glycerol
Propionyl Coenzyme A odd chain
44
HC of L A
lipoprotein lipase is in anabolic
Hormone sensitive lipase is in catabolic
45
PFK 1/ phosphifructokinase 1 in anabolic or catabolic
Anabolic
46
Glycolysis alone how many ATPwith Kreb cycle how many ATP
Glycolysis alone 2ATPS with Krebs cycle 32 ATP'S
47
Glycolysis activated or inhibited by
ATPor AMP
AMP activates ATPa inhibits
48
Glycogen synthesis is in fat state or fasting state under insulin or glucagon
Glycogen synthesis in Fed state under insulin
49
Ketone body synthesis occurs in
Liver alone
50
Ketone body breakdown occurs in
BHM brain heart muscle not liver
51
Ketone body Breakdown does not occur in liver due to absence of which enzyme
Thiophorase
52
Liver and BHM organs Both have which enzyme for ketone body metabolism
thiolase
53
Steps of heme synthesis occurring in cytoplasm
Porphobilinogen to
hydroxybilane to
uroporphyrinogen 3 to
coproporphyrinogen 3
54
Acute intermittent porphyria Occurs at which step
which enzyme
Porphobilinogen to hydroxymethylbilane
Enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase
55
Acute abdominal pain plus neuropathy neuroviscerall symptoms in which porphyria
Acute intermittent porphyria
56
which porphyria is associated with hepatitis C infection
porphyria Cutanea Tarda
57
Which Porphyria associated with hiv infection
porphyria Cutanea Tarda
58
which porphyria has blisters on knuckles
porphyria Cutanea Tarda
59
Porphyria sporadic with liver involvement cutaneous blisters and photosensitivity
porphyria Cutanea Tarda
60
Porphyria due to uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase enzyme deactivation
porphyria Cutanea Tarda
61
Enzyme in between mitochondria and cytoplasm in heme synthesis is
ALA dehydratase
62
Steps of heme synthesis occurring in mitochondria
Succinyl coA and glycine to amino levulinic acid protoporphyrin to heme
63
Amino acid required for heme synthesis
Glycine and succinyl coenzyme a
64
Rate limiting enzyme of heme synthesis and step
ALA synthase
Succinyl co A + glycine to aminolevullinic acid
65
Secondary active transport for glucose absorption that is unilateral
SGLT
66
Difference between diffusion and transport
Diffusion is always along the gradient
67
Graph Comparing diffusion
Bioc BTR 2.0 8:54
68
Tm on diffusion graph is?
Transporters are saturated
69
Example of primary active transport
1 Na-K- ATP pump
2 H pump (Proton pump)
3 Ca ATPase pump
70
Na-K- ATP pump function
utilizes one or ATP
throws 3 Na out
2 K in
71
Function of Ca ATPase pump
utilizes ATP to bring calcium back into sarcoplasmic reticulum
72
Secondary active transports are
1 SGLT Sodium glucose coTransport 2 Na- I symporter
(sodium iodide symport In thyroid)
3 Other Sodium pumps
73
SGLT is present on luminal side or blood vessel side
Luminal
74
S G L T receptors in intestine
Sglt 1
75
S G L T receptor in kidney
SGLT 2
76
glifozins inhibit which transporters
SGLT 2 In kidneys
77
glifozins Cause glycosuria because
They inhibit SGLT 2 transporters in kidney
78
glifozins Can cause
1 uti
2 candidiasi
3 fornier's Gangrene
79
fornier's Gangrene Can be caused by which antidiabetics
glifozin's
80
candidiasis Can be caused by which antidiabetics
glifozins
81
UTI Can be caused by which antidiabetics
glifozins
82
GLP 2 Analogs are used in
Example
intestine
Short bowel syndrome
Teduglutide
83
GLP 1 analogs are associated with
Diabetes
84
glutides are?
GLP analouges
85
86
Facilitated transport For glucose that is bilateral
GLUT
87
Prevention of glucose from going out again in facilitated transport that is bilateral is due to
Phosphorylation of glucose by phosphokinase or hexokinase To glucose 6 phosphate
88
GLUT present in brain placenta kidney
GLUT 1 and GLUT 3
89
G L U T present in erythrocytes
GLUT 1
90
G L U T present in small intestine
GLUT 2 And GLUT 5
91
GLUT in pancreas
GLUT 2
92
GLUT with low affinity
GLUT 2
93
GLUT in Fed state low affinity or high affinity
GLUT 2 low affinity
94
G L U T in liver
GLUT 2
95
Basal uptake of glucose by which GLUT
GLUT 1
96
GLUT with highest affinity
GLUT 3
97
GLUT responsible for insulin Stimulated glucose uptake
GLUT 4
98
GLUT in heart
GLUT 4
99
GLUT in adipose tissue
GLUT 4
100
GLUT in skeletal muscle
GLUT 4
101
GLUT 4 present in
Heart
skeletal muscles
adieposed tissue
102
Glut 3 present in
Brain kidney placenta
103
GLUT 2 present in
Liver pancreas small intestine
104
GLUT one present in
Brain kidney placenta erythrocytes
105
GLUT 5 present in
Small intestine
sperms
106
GLUT present in sperm
GLUT 5
107
Glycogenolysis occurs at what hours of fasting
Zero to 16
108
Gluconeogenesis occurs at what hours of fasting
16 to 48
109
Starvation after how many days of fasting
1to 3
days
110
Ketone bodies can be utilised by
Brain heart muscles
111
Muscles utilise what in starvation state
Ketone bodies
amino acids
fatty acids
112
Brain utilises what in fasting state
Glucose
113
Brain utilises what inside state
Glucose
114
Brain utilises what in starvation state
Ketone bodies
115
Heart utilises what in Fed state
Fatty acid
116
Heart utilises what in starvation state
Ketone body
117
Rbc's utilises what in Fed state
Glucose
118
Rbc's utilise what in fasting state
Glucose
119
Rbc's utilise what in starvation state
Glucose
120
Adipose tissue utilises what in starvation state
Fattyacid
121
Adipose tissue utilises what in fasting state
Fatty acid
122
adipose tissue utilises whatin Fed state
Glucose
123
What among glucose fatty acid ketone bodies amino acid does not cross blood brain barrier
Fatty acid
124
Highest thermic effect seen in
Protein
125
Respiratory Quotient of carbohydrate is
1
126
Lysyl oxidase requires which metal
Copper
127
Quantification of dna methylation Is doneby
Bisulfite sequencing
128
Which RNA does not require capping
tRNA
129
Vitamin C is not formed in humans due to lack of
L gulonolatone
130
Tyrosinase requires which metal
copper
131
Albinism or Menke's kinky defect seen in deficiency of which metal
copper
132
Fanconi bickle syndrome is due to Defect of what
Glut 2
133
What synthesis is inhibited in Fanconi Bickle syndrome
Glycogen synthesis in liver and kidney
134
Liver cannot utilise ketone bodies due to absence of
Thiophorase
135
Flozin drugs inhibit what
SGLT 2
136
Which among glucokinase And hexokinase has high affinity towards glucose
Hexokinase
137
Glucokinase is present in which organs
Liver and B cell of pancreas
138
Which among glucokinase and hexokinase have has higher km value
glucokinase
139
2 3 bi PG Is synthesised during
R L Shunt
140
Which shunts do not produce atp
RL Shunt
H M P Shunt
141
What promotes release of oxygen and decreased affinity of oxygen to haemoglobin
2 3bi PG
142
Most gluconeogenic amino acid
Alanin
143
Which is A strong activator of gluconeogenesis but not a substrate
Acetyl Co A
144
Fructose 6 phosphate converts to What in fasting state
Glucose gluconeogenesis
145
Fructose 6 phosphate converts 2 what in Fed state
Fructose 2 6 bi phosphate by PFK 2
Fructose one 6 bi Phosphate by PFK 1
Further to glucose
146
PFK1. PFK2 And fructose 2 6 bi phosphate favours which process
Glycolysis
147
Fructose bi phosphatase 2 Activated in which State
Fasting state
148
Fructose bi phosphatase 2 activates what
Fructose bi phosphatase 1
149
Fructose bi phosphatase 1 Function
Convert fructose 16 bi phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate
150
Fructose bi phosphatase 2 Function
Converts fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 2 6 bi Phosphate
151
152
