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pe paper 2 > methods of practice > Flashcards

methods of practice Flashcards

1
Q

what are the eight methods of practice?

A
  • whole
  • part
  • whole-part-whole
  • progressive part
  • massed
  • distributed
  • varied
  • fixed
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2
Q

description of ‘whole practice method?’

A

does not involve breaking the skill into subroutines

  • the movement is attempted in its entirety and learned in complete form
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3
Q

skill classification examples for the ‘whole practice method’

A

high organisation skills

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4
Q

advantages of ‘whole practice method’

A
  • good for kinaesthetic development
  • by attempting the movement in its entirety, a mental picture is formed more effectively
  • gives a holistic or gestalt view of the entire movement
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5
Q

disadvantages of ‘whole practice method’

A
  • method may be to fast for some individuals, making movements difficult to learn
  • information overload can occur
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6
Q

examples of skills that can be taught using the ‘whole practice method’

A

dribbling the ball in hockey, basketball or football

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7
Q

description of ‘part practice method’

A

the skill is broken down into subroutines, the subroutines are then learned separately before they are put together

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8
Q

skill classification examples for the ‘part practice method’

A

low organisation skills

closed skills

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9
Q

advantages of ‘part practice method’

A
  • its safer when learning dangerous skills
  • limits the amount of information the learner needs to process therefore preventing information overload
  • immediate success raises confidence and motivation
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10
Q

disadvantages of ‘part practice method’

A
  • limits awareness of whole skill
  • takes time
  • can be demotivating to high ability learners
  • limits kinaesthetic development
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11
Q

examples of skills that can be taught using the ‘part practice method’

A

bowling in cricket

serving in tennis

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12
Q

description of ‘whole-part-whole practice method’

A

skill is practiced in its entirety and then a subroutine is isolated in order to focus on a weakness

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13
Q

skill classification examples for the ‘whole-part-whole practice method’

A

serial skills

low organisation skills

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14
Q

advantages of ‘whole-part-whole practice method’

A
  • allows to focus of weak subroutine
  • good for performers at all stages of learning
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15
Q

disadvantages of ‘whole-part-whole practice method’

A
  • information overload could occur as a result of performing the whole skill
  • lots of information to process
  • unsuitable for high organisation skills
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16
Q

examples of skills that can be taught using the ‘whole-part-whole practice method’

A

shot putt

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17
Q

description of ‘progressive part practice method’

A

subroutines of a skill are practiced separately and then are gradually combined until the whole skill is achieved

18
Q

skill classification examples for the ‘progressive part practice method’

A

low organisation

serial

complex

19
Q

advantages of ‘progressive part practice method’

A
  • quicker than part practice
  • kinaesthetic development is quicker than part practice
20
Q

disadvantages of ‘progressive part practice method’

A
  • takes time
  • limits kinaesthetic development
21
Q

examples of skills that can be taught using the ‘progressive part practice method’

A

triple jump

22
Q

definition of ‘massed practice method’

A

practice is repetitive and undertaken with no rest intervals

23
Q

skill classification examples for the ‘massed practice method’

A

closed skills

discrete skills

24
Q

advantages of ‘massed practice method’

A
  • helps the skill become grooved
  • good at the autonomous phase of learning
  • helps to form S-R bonds
25
Q

disadvantages of the ‘massed practice method’

A
  • repetition can cause drive reduction, resulting in performance errors
  • can lead to overuse injuries
26
Q

examples of skills that can be taught using the ‘massed practice method’

A

continuous driving in golf

27
Q

definition of ‘distributed practice method’

A

practice is undertaken in short bursts with regular rest intrvals

28
Q

skill classification examples for ‘distributed practice method’

A

continuous skills

closed skills

29
Q

advantages of ‘distributed practice method’

A
  • helps to form S-R bonds
  • good for less fit performers
  • rest time allows for feedback
30
Q

disadvantages of ‘distributed practice method’

A
  • frequent breaks can be demotivating
  • rest intervals may disjoint the practice which may hinder the learning
31
Q

examples of skills that can be taught using the ‘distributed practice method’

A

sprinting

swimming

32
Q

definition of ‘varied practice method’

A

practice takes place in constantly changing environments

33
Q

skill classification examples for ‘varied practice method’

A

open skills

34
Q

advantages of ‘varied practice method’

A
  • good at the autonomous stage of learning
  • tends to motivate performers, preventing drive reduction
35
Q

disadvantages of ‘varied practice method’

A
  • may confuse those at the cognitive stage of learning
  • can cause information overload
  • not effective in helping to groove skills
36
Q

examples of skills that can be taught using the ‘varied practice method’

A

hockey players passing in different practice situations

37
Q

definition of ‘fixed practice method’

A

practice is repetitive and undertaken in an environment or situation that remains the same

38
Q

skill classification examples for ‘fixed practice method’

A

closed skills

39
Q

advantages of ‘fixed practice method’

A
  • good at cognitive phase
  • you can perfect the skill
  • helps to groove the skill
40
Q

disadvantages of ‘fixed practice method’

A
  • may become boring
  • does not prepare you for the game situations
  • can lead to overuse injuries

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