Metallurgy Flashcards
What are metals that have iron as the major ingredient and are usually magnetic?
Ferrous metals
What are the most common ferrous metals?
Carbon steel and cast iron.
What are metals that do not have iron in large enough amounts to have any major influence on the properties of the metals, or no iron at all?
Non-ferrous metals.
How can you visually distinguish between hot rolled steel and cold rolled steel?
Hot rolled steel has a black mill scale.
What can you use to identify metals with the same outward appearance, such as aluminum and zinc die-cast?
Weight identification.
Identifying an object as a casting by its rough outer surface is an example of what type of identification?
Identification by texture.
Identifying an object by casting marks or by its intricate design is what type of identification?
Shape identification.
Identifying an object as a formed product by its solid metal, smooth outer surface is what type of identification?
Shape identification.
The ability of a metal to resist penetration and plastic deformation is what mechanical property?
Hardness.
The ability of a metal to be stretched permanently without breaking is what mechanical property?
Ductility.
The ability of metal to withstand shock and impact without breaking or shattering is what mechanical property?
Toughness.
The ability of a metal to withstand pull without breaking is what mechanical property?
Tensile strength.
What mechanical property measures the ease with which you can cut and shape a metal?
Machinability.
What property measures how easily a metal will fracture if bent sharply or struck?
Brittleness.
What property measures how much squeezing force a metal can take before it fails?
Compression strength.
What is yield strength?
The force at which a weld
specimen starts to pull apart.
What does elongation measure?
How much a metal will stretch
before it breaks.
What will examining grain size tell you about a known metal?
Brittleness.
Tensile strength.
Heat treatment.
Ductility.
Angle iron, channel iron or beams are an example of what type steel?
Structural steel.
In specifying sizes of C shapes, what does the nominal size refer to?
The distance from outside flange face to outside flange face.
What would an imperial C shape size of C6 x 10.5 refer to?
Nominal size 6 inches and 10.5 lb/ft.
When specifying an L shape, what do the three numbers refer to?
Both leg lengths and thickness.
When specifying a hollow structural section, what do the three dimensions refer to?
Both outside dimensions and wall thickness.
Why is hot-rolled steel made a little larger than its nominal size?
So it can be finish machined to the nominal size if necessary.
Why should you leave a generous finishing allowance when machining cold-rolled steel?
Cold-rolling sets up internal stresses, which causes cold-rolled steel to warp during machining.
What is the process of making wire or tubing by pulling a steel rod through one or more dies?
Cold-drawing.
What is any tubular product that is produced in a size commonly used for piping systems?
Pipe.
What is any tubular product, other than pipe, that includes square, rectangular, and round shapes?
Tubing.
For pipes under 12 inches in diameter, what does the nominal size refers to?
Refers to a standardized outside diameter that, given a standard wall thickness, would provide an inside diameter roughly equal to the nominal size.
What is the nominal size of pipes over 14 inches in diameter?
The nominal size equals the outside diameter.
For tubes, what does the nominal size refer to?
The nominal size equals the outside diameter of the tube.
How is sheet steel size specified?
By thickness, width, length and type.
How do you determining the carbon content for carbon and alloy steels?
The last two numbers of its ID number give the decimal percent of carbon in the steel.
What is the carbon content of 4140 alloy steel?
The carbon content is 0.40%.
What is the carbon content of low carbon steel?
0.02% to 0.30%.
Can low carbon steel be hardened?
No, only case hardened.
What is the carbon content of medium carbon steel?
0.30% to 0.60%.
What type of carbon steel are hand tools typically made from?
Medium carbon steel.
What is the carbon content of high carbon steel?
Over 0.60%.
What type of steel are cutting tools like taps and drills made from?
High carbon steel.