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PMU Biochemistry > Metabolism of Unsaturated FAs & Eicosanoids > Flashcards

Metabolism of Unsaturated FAs & Eicosanoids Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of PUFAs

A

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2
Q

What are the 4 biological functions of PUFA

A

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3
Q

Give examples of PUFAs with their class and structure - essential

A

Linoleic acid
-Linolenic acid
Arachidonic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid

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4
Q

What are the essential PUFAs

A

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5
Q

From what sources can we obtain Linoleic acid

A

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6
Q

From what sources can we obtain Arachidonic acid

A

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7
Q

Which essential PUFAs can still be synthesised in the body

A

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8
Q

From what sources can we obtain Eicosapentaenoic acid & Docosahexaenoic acid

A

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9
Q

From what sources can we obtain α- Linolenic acid

A

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10
Q

What is the required uptake of PUFA

A

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11
Q

How common is the deficiency of PUFA

A

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of PUFA deficiency

A

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13
Q

What is the role of ω3-OPUFA (Omega-3 FA)

A

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14
Q

What are the 6 effects of ω3-OPUFA

A

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15
Q

What is the antiatherogenic effect of ω3-OPUFA

A

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16
Q

What is the Antiaggregation effect of ω3-OPUFA

A

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17
Q

What is the Anti-inflammatory effect of ω3-OPUFA

A

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18
Q

What is the Antiaritomogenic effect of ω3-OPUFA

A

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19
Q

What is the protective endothelium effect of ω3-OPUFA

A

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20
Q

What is the lipotrophic effect of ω3-OPUFA

A

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21
Q

In what diseases are ω3-OPUFAs given as a diet supplement

A

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22
Q

How are PUFA/MUFA synthesised (link to synthesis of FA)

A

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23
Q

How are Eicosanoids formed

A

made by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are, similar to arachidonic acid, 20 carbon units in length

24
Q

What are the 2 pathways Eicosanoids can go through

A

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25
Q

Describe the Cyclooxygenase pathway of Eicosanoids

A

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26
Q

Describe the Lipoxygenase pathway of Eicosanoids

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27
Q

What is the structure of Prostaglandin E2

A

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28
Q

What is the structure of Thromboxane A2

A

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29
Q

What is the structure of Leukotriene A4

A

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30
Q

What are the enzymes in the synthesis of prostanoids

A

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31
Q

Describe the activity and isoenzymes of Cyclooxygenase

A

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32
Q

Describe the Isoenzyme COX 1 for prostanoid synthesis

A

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33
Q

Describe the Isoenzyme COX2 for prostanoid synthesis

A

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34
Q

What inhibits the isoenzymes COX1,2 during prostanoid synthesis

A

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35
Q

What are the two groups of enzymes involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes and lipoxyns

A

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36
Q

What are the different lipoxygenases in the synthesis of leukotrienes and lipoxyns

A

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37
Q

What are the biological functions of prostanoids

A

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38
Q

Where are prostanoids synthesised

A

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39
Q

Describe the metabolism of prostanoids

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40
Q

What are the roles of the eicosanoids from arachidonic acid

A

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41
Q

What are the roles of eicosanoids from EPA

A

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42
Q

What is the effect of Prostaglandin E2 - vasodilation, bronchodilation, motility of uterus, motility of GIT, secretion of stomach secrets, release of Na+ with urine, formation of steroids, lipolysis in adipose tissue (increase of cAMP)

A

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43
Q

What is the effect of Prostaglandin F2alpha - vasodilation, bronchodilation, motility of uterus, motility of GIT, secretion of stomach secrets, release of Na+ with urine, formation of steroids, lipolysis in adipose tissue (increase of cAMP)

A

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44
Q

What is the effect of Thromboxane A2 - where is it synthesised, platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, blood clotting, angiogenesis, carcinogenesis, apoptosis, inflammatory response

A

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45
Q

What is the effect of Prostacyclin PGI2 - where is it synthesised, platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, blood clotting, angiogenesis, carcinogenesis, apoptosis, inflammatory response

A

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46
Q

What are leukotrienes

A

family of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators produced in leukocytes by the oxidation of arachidonic acid

47
Q

Where are leukotrienes synthesised

A

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48
Q

What is the function of leukotrienes

A

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49
Q

What is the function of Leukotriene B4

A

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50
Q

What is the function of Leukotriene C4,D4,E4

A

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51
Q

What is the function of 5-LOX (Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase),

A

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52
Q

What is the function of 15-LOX, Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase

A

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53
Q

What is the function of 12-LOX, Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase

A

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PMU Biochemistry (17 decks)

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