Metabolism of Unsaturated FAs & Eicosanoids Flashcards
What are the 3 characteristics of PUFAs
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What are the 4 biological functions of PUFA
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Give examples of PUFAs with their class and structure - essential
Linoleic acid
-Linolenic acid
Arachidonic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid
What are the essential PUFAs
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From what sources can we obtain Linoleic acid
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From what sources can we obtain Arachidonic acid
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Which essential PUFAs can still be synthesised in the body
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From what sources can we obtain Eicosapentaenoic acid & Docosahexaenoic acid
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From what sources can we obtain α- Linolenic acid
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What is the required uptake of PUFA
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How common is the deficiency of PUFA
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What are the symptoms of PUFA deficiency
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What is the role of ω3-OPUFA (Omega-3 FA)
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What are the 6 effects of ω3-OPUFA
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What is the antiatherogenic effect of ω3-OPUFA
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What is the Antiaggregation effect of ω3-OPUFA
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What is the Anti-inflammatory effect of ω3-OPUFA
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What is the Antiaritomogenic effect of ω3-OPUFA
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What is the protective endothelium effect of ω3-OPUFA
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What is the lipotrophic effect of ω3-OPUFA
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In what diseases are ω3-OPUFAs given as a diet supplement
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How are PUFA/MUFA synthesised (link to synthesis of FA)
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How are Eicosanoids formed
made by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are, similar to arachidonic acid, 20 carbon units in length
What are the 2 pathways Eicosanoids can go through
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Describe the Cyclooxygenase pathway of Eicosanoids
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Describe the Lipoxygenase pathway of Eicosanoids
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What is the structure of Prostaglandin E2
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What is the structure of Thromboxane A2
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What is the structure of Leukotriene A4
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What are the enzymes in the synthesis of prostanoids
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Describe the activity and isoenzymes of Cyclooxygenase
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Describe the Isoenzyme COX 1 for prostanoid synthesis
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Describe the Isoenzyme COX2 for prostanoid synthesis
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What inhibits the isoenzymes COX1,2 during prostanoid synthesis
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What are the two groups of enzymes involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes and lipoxyns
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What are the different lipoxygenases in the synthesis of leukotrienes and lipoxyns
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What are the biological functions of prostanoids
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Where are prostanoids synthesised
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Describe the metabolism of prostanoids
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What are the roles of the eicosanoids from arachidonic acid
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What are the roles of eicosanoids from EPA
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What is the effect of Prostaglandin E2 - vasodilation, bronchodilation, motility of uterus, motility of GIT, secretion of stomach secrets, release of Na+ with urine, formation of steroids, lipolysis in adipose tissue (increase of cAMP)
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What is the effect of Prostaglandin F2alpha - vasodilation, bronchodilation, motility of uterus, motility of GIT, secretion of stomach secrets, release of Na+ with urine, formation of steroids, lipolysis in adipose tissue (increase of cAMP)
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What is the effect of Thromboxane A2 - where is it synthesised, platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, blood clotting, angiogenesis, carcinogenesis, apoptosis, inflammatory response
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What is the effect of Prostacyclin PGI2 - where is it synthesised, platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, blood clotting, angiogenesis, carcinogenesis, apoptosis, inflammatory response
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What are leukotrienes
family of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators produced in leukocytes by the oxidation of arachidonic acid
Where are leukotrienes synthesised
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What is the function of leukotrienes
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What is the function of Leukotriene B4
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What is the function of Leukotriene C4,D4,E4
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What is the function of 5-LOX (Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase),
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What is the function of 15-LOX, Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase
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What is the function of 12-LOX, Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase
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