Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids Flashcards
When are FAs synthesised
.
What is the major source of carbon for the synthesis of FA in mammals and ruminants
.
an excess of what macromolecule can cause an increase in FA synthesis - how
,
Where does lipogenesis mainly occur - what other places does it occur
.
Comparison of FA synthesis and β-oxidation of FA - where they occur, enzymes, cofactors, activation
.
What is the structure of CoA-SH
.
What is the structure of FA synthase complex (Acyl carrier protein {ACP}-SH)
.
Describe the shuttle for transfer of Acetyl CoA from mitochondria to the cytosol
(Citrate-Malate Shuttle)
.
What type of complex is Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
.
Describe Acetyl-CoA carboxylase - how many subunits, what the subunits contain (4), what site it has
.
What does Acetyl-CoA carboxylase do
.
What are the 3 sources of NADPH
.
Describe FA synthase complex - subunits, domains, residue, arrangement,
.
- What is the initial step of FA synthesis (+ enzyme)
HINT: acetyl to ACP
- What is the second step of FA synthesis (+ enzyme)
HINT: malonyl moiety
- What is the third step of FA synthesis (+ enzyme)
HINT: condensation
- What is the fourth step of FA synthesis (+ enzyme, cofactor)
HINT: oxidation
KETONE —> ALCOHOL
- What is the fifth step of FA synthesis (+ enzyme)
HINT: removal of water
- What is the sixth step of FA synthesis (+ enzyme, cofactor)
.
What is made after 7 cycles of FA synthesis
.
How is the Palmitoyl moiety removed from the enzyme complex after the completion of FA Synthesis
.
In what organs is palmitate the end product
.
In lactating, mammary gland, where does thioesterase have a high affinity
.
What is the main regulatory factor of lipogenesis
.
When is lipogenesis inhibited
.
What enzymes do long-chain FAs inhibit which decrease lipogenesis
.
Which Long-chain FA act as an allosteric inhibitor to another enzyme - name both
.
What is the main regulatory enzyme
.
How is Acetyl CoA carboxylase regulated generally
.
What two molecules are involved in the regulation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
.
How is Palmitoyl-CoA involved in the regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
.
How is citrate involved in the regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
.
Describe the activation of citrate for the regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
.
What do fatty acyl-CoAs do in the regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
.
What is AMPK and AMPKK
.
What does glucagon and adrenaline inhibit during regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
.
What does insulin activate during regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
.
What is the second regulatory enzyme
.
How is FA Synthase regulated
.
What inhibits the synthesis of FA Synthase
.
When is FA Synthase suppressed and induced
.
What does insulin do to FA Synthase
.
Where does Elongation of FAs occur
.
What is the microsomal system - how does it work
.
What is the enzyme used for Microsomal system
.
Describe Elongation of FAs in brain
.
Describe the elongation in mitochondria
.
Describe the energetic balances of FA Synthesis - mol of NADPH, Malonyl-CoA, ATP
.
What happens to the synthesised Palmitate?
,
How are FAs synthesises to MUFA/PUFA
.
What MUFA are synthesises in cells of mammals - can they synthesise PUFA
.
What are the enzymes involved in synthesis of MUFA/PUFA
.
In what positions can double bonds be introduced in FAs
.
What organ is responsible for making MUFA
.
Describe the steps to making MUFA - enzyme, what organelle the enzyme is in, what the enzyme requires
.
