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PMU Biochemistry > Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids > Flashcards

Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids Flashcards

1
Q

When are FAs synthesised

A

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2
Q

What is the major source of carbon for the synthesis of FA in mammals and ruminants

A

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3
Q

an excess of what macromolecule can cause an increase in FA synthesis - how

A

,

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4
Q

Where does lipogenesis mainly occur - what other places does it occur

A

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5
Q

Comparison of FA synthesis and β-oxidation of FA - where they occur, enzymes, cofactors, activation

A

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6
Q

What is the structure of CoA-SH

A

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7
Q

What is the structure of FA synthase complex (Acyl carrier protein {ACP}-SH)

A

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8
Q

Describe the shuttle for transfer of Acetyl CoA from mitochondria to the cytosol
(Citrate-Malate Shuttle)

A

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9
Q

What type of complex is Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

A

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10
Q

Describe Acetyl-CoA carboxylase - how many subunits, what the subunits contain (4), what site it has

A

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11
Q

What does Acetyl-CoA carboxylase do

A

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12
Q

What are the 3 sources of NADPH

A

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13
Q

Describe FA synthase complex - subunits, domains, residue, arrangement,

A

.

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14
Q
  1. What is the initial step of FA synthesis (+ enzyme)
A

HINT: acetyl to ACP

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15
Q
  1. What is the second step of FA synthesis (+ enzyme)
A

HINT: malonyl moiety

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16
Q
  1. What is the third step of FA synthesis (+ enzyme)
A

HINT: condensation

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17
Q
  1. What is the fourth step of FA synthesis (+ enzyme, cofactor)
A

HINT: oxidation

KETONE —> ALCOHOL

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18
Q
  1. What is the fifth step of FA synthesis (+ enzyme)
A

HINT: removal of water

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19
Q
  1. What is the sixth step of FA synthesis (+ enzyme, cofactor)
A

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20
Q

What is made after 7 cycles of FA synthesis

A

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21
Q

How is the Palmitoyl moiety removed from the enzyme complex after the completion of FA Synthesis

A

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22
Q

In what organs is palmitate the end product

A

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23
Q

In lactating, mammary gland, where does thioesterase have a high affinity

A

.

24
Q

What is the main regulatory factor of lipogenesis

A

.

25
Q

When is lipogenesis inhibited

A

.

26
Q

What enzymes do long-chain FAs inhibit which decrease lipogenesis

A

.

27
Q

Which Long-chain FA act as an allosteric inhibitor to another enzyme - name both

A

.

28
Q

What is the main regulatory enzyme

A

.

29
Q

How is Acetyl CoA carboxylase regulated generally

A

.

30
Q

What two molecules are involved in the regulation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

A

.

31
Q

How is Palmitoyl-CoA involved in the regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

A

.

32
Q

How is citrate involved in the regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

A

.

33
Q

Describe the activation of citrate for the regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

A

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34
Q

What do fatty acyl-CoAs do in the regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

A

.

35
Q

What is AMPK and AMPKK

A

.

36
Q

What does glucagon and adrenaline inhibit during regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

A

.

37
Q

What does insulin activate during regulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

A

.

38
Q

What is the second regulatory enzyme

A

.

39
Q

How is FA Synthase regulated

A

.

40
Q

What inhibits the synthesis of FA Synthase

A

.

41
Q

When is FA Synthase suppressed and induced

A

.

42
Q

What does insulin do to FA Synthase

A

.

43
Q

Where does Elongation of FAs occur

A

.

44
Q

What is the microsomal system - how does it work

A

.

45
Q

What is the enzyme used for Microsomal system

A

.

46
Q

Describe Elongation of FAs in brain

A

.

47
Q

Describe the elongation in mitochondria

A

.

48
Q

Describe the energetic balances of FA Synthesis - mol of NADPH, Malonyl-CoA, ATP

A

.

49
Q

What happens to the synthesised Palmitate?

A

,

50
Q

How are FAs synthesises to MUFA/PUFA

A

.

51
Q

What MUFA are synthesises in cells of mammals - can they synthesise PUFA

A

.

52
Q

What are the enzymes involved in synthesis of MUFA/PUFA

A

.

53
Q

In what positions can double bonds be introduced in FAs

A

.

54
Q

What organ is responsible for making MUFA

A

.

55
Q

Describe the steps to making MUFA - enzyme, what organelle the enzyme is in, what the enzyme requires

A

.

PMU Biochemistry (17 decks)

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