Metabolism of Hexoses Other than Glucose Flashcards
What kind of carbohydrates are mannose, glucose, galactose, and fructose?
Hexoses
Where does galactose enter glycolysis at?
It is converted to glucose 6-phosphate and begins glycolysis there.
Where do mannose and fructose (in muscle) enter glycolysis at?
They are converted to fructose 6-phosphate and enters glycolysis there.
Where does fructose enter glycolysis at in the liver?
It is converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and enters glycolysis there.
What are the primary sources of fructose?
1) Fruit
2) Sucrose (disaccharide of glucose and fructose)
What enzyme converts fructose into fructose-6-phosphate in muscle?
Hexakinase
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate in liver?
Fructokinase
True or false: Glucokinase in the liver will react with fructose?
False
Which type of aldolase is specific for fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?
Type A in muscle
Which type of aldolase in the liver will use both FBP and fructose 1-phosphate as substrates?
Type B
What are the two options for fructose in the liver after it has been converted to glyceraldehyde?
1) Glyceraldehyde kinase converts it to GAP (which allows it to enter glycolysis)
2) It is converted to glycerol by ADH, then to glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol kinase, then to DHAP by glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, then to GAP by triose phosphate isomerase (where it enters glycolysis).
True or false: Both pathways in the liver from glyceraldehyde to GAP have the same net energy cost.
True
True or false: Both pathways in the liver from glyceraldehyde to GAP produce ATP.
False
Which of the two pathways in the liver from glyceraldehyde to GAP oxidize/reduce NADH?
The longer pathway
Which of the two pathways in the liver from glyceraldehyde to GAP produce glycerol-3-phosphate and glycerol?
The longer pathway?