High Energy Compounds

Question 1

What are the three most important high energy compounds?

Answer 1

1) ATP 2) NADH 3) FADH2

Question 2

How much energy is released in the complete oxidation of glucose?

Answer 2

2850 kJ/mol

Question 3

Oxidative metabolism occurs in a ____________ fashion, so energy released can be captured as __________ ________ of energy and conserved as high energy compounds such as _________, _______, and _______.

Answer 3

stepwise; discrete packets; ATP, NADH, and FAD

Question 4

Where does the biological importance of ATP lie?

Answer 4

In the large free energy released when cleaving one phosphoanhydride bond.

Question 5

How many high energy bonds are in ATP

Answer 5

2

Question 6

What is ATP when it loses a phosphate group?

Answer 6

ADP

Question 7

What is ATP when it loses 2 phosphate groups?

Answer 7

AMP

Question 8

What groups are high energy bonds between?

Answer 8

phosphate and a carbonyl group

Question 9

What pulls an endergonic reaction that produces ATP to the right?

Answer 9

Coupling the reaction with an exergonic reaction (the exergonic reaction pulls both reactions to completion).

Question 10

What must be true of coupled reactions for them to operate in the forward direction?

Answer 10

Total delta G must be negative

Question 11

How long is ATP’s half-life?

Answer 11

seconds to minutes (depending on tissue and needs)

Question 12

Why does the brain rapidly deteriorate when it is in oxygen deprivation?

Answer 12

The brain only has a few seconds worth of ATP.

Question 13

What catalyzes the transfer of a high energy phosphate group?

Answer 13

Kinases

Question 14

What is the storage form of ATP in muscle and nerve cells?

Answer 14

Creatine phosphate (phosphocreatine)

Question 15

Is the reaction that forms creatine phosphate and ADP from ATP and creatine spontaneous?

Answer 15

No, it is slightly endergonic.

Question 16

What catalyzes the reaction that forms creatine phosphate?

Answer 16

Creatine kinase

Question 17

What sort of compounds are ATP, GTP, UTP, and CPT?

Answer 17

High energy phosphate compounds

Question 18

What pulls the endergonic reaction of phosphate and glucose to glucose-6-phosphate and water to the right?

Answer 18

The reaction of ATP and water to make ADP and phosphate that it is coupled to.

Question 19

What is the function of converting ATP and creatine to creatine phosphate and ADP?

Answer 19

Storage of ATP

Question 20

What form are ATP reserves in in resting muscle?

Answer 20

Creatine phosphate (phosphocreatine)

Question 21

What happens to ATP in muscle under resting conditions?

Answer 21

Concentration of ATP increases, pushing the ATP + creatine→ creatine phosphate + ADP to the right, thereby converting ATP to its storage form.

Question 22

How much reserve ATP in the form of creatine phosphate does resting muscle contain?

Answer 22

Several minutes worth

Question 23

What happens to ATP when it comes into contact with water?

Answer 23

Hydrolysis

Question 24

What are nucleosides that exist at high energy triphosphate compounds used for?

Answer 24

Biosynthesis of proteins and nucleic acids

Question 25

What is the high energy bond in acetyl CoA?

Answer 25

The thioester bond (the bond between sulfur and the carbonyl).

Question 26

What does metabolism do to acetyl CoA?

Answer 26

Moves the acetyl group on and off of it (makes and breaks the thioester bond)

Question 27

What are two molecules that contain thioester bonds?

Answer 27

1) Acetyl-CoA
2) Succinyl-CoA

Question 28

Which molecule in the Citric Acid Cycle (TCA) contains high energy thioester bond?

Answer 28

Succinyl-CoA