metabolism and energy

Question 1

destination of Amino acids in pool

4 answers

Answer 1

protein synthesis
neurotransmitters
hormones
direct use

Question 2

unmodified neurotransmitters are

3 answers

Answer 2

glutamate
aspartate
glycine

Question 3

modified into neurotransmitters

glutamate-

Answer 3

GABA

Question 4

modified into neurotransmitters

tyrosine-

Answer 4

dopamine/

adrenaline

Question 5

modified into neurotransmitters

tryptophan -

Answer 5

serotonin

Question 6

modified into neurotransmitters

arginine -

Answer 6

NO

Question 7

hormones
tyrosine-
tryptophan-

Answer 7

serotonin

melatonin

Question 8

break down of amino acids (+losses along the way)
aa— X ——Y
——Z(X,X,X,X)

Answer 8

amino group lost - ammonia toxic
X= carbon skeleton
Y=co2 + h20 (energy)
Z=biosynthesis(purines, pyrimidines, haem, co)

Question 9

Amino acids are always converted to

Answer 9

glutamate

Question 10

transamination
Enzyme
AA — X
Y—–Z

Answer 10

(no energy required)
Aminotransferase
X= glutamate
Y= alpha - ketoglutarate
Z= alpha - keto acid

Question 11

deamination
Enzyme
glutamate + h20—(2 losses)—- X

Answer 11

glutamate dehydrogenase
(losses) NAD-NADH, NH4- (urea cycle)
X= alpha -ketoglutarate

Question 12

what is break down of AA inhibited by

Answer 12

GTP

high levels means TCA cycle is still running

Question 13

what activates breakdown of AA

Answer 13

ATP

low levels of atp make more alpha-ketoglutarate

Question 14

synthesis of AA
transanimation
essential AA

Answer 14

transanimation transfers amino group
essential AA have to come through the diet
because nothing in the TCA cycle has the right c-skeleton

Question 15

extra hepatic tissue

1) alpha-ketoglutarate + NH3 —glu
2) Glu+ NH3 — Gln

Answer 15

1) can remove 2 amino groups out of the muscle

2) removes 2 amino groups from the blood

Question 16

kidney can deaminate Gln to Glu to release NH3 so that it can

Answer 16

neutralize acid in urine