fatty acids Flashcards
what are FA
long hydrocarbon chains
insoluble in water
saturated
No double bonds
monounsaturated
1 double bond
polyunsaturated
more then 2 double bonds
conversion, Increases chain length by 2 carbons
Elongase
conversion, removal of a double bond and adding a extra bond and a H+
desaturase
desaturation doesnt work below omega 9 what what do we have to do?
intake omega 3,6 via the diet
neutral fats what are they?
stores of fats
Neutral fats, triglyceride (tg)—— ?
diglyceride-
triacylglycerol
diacylglycerol
Activation, TAGs are re-esterified in the
gut mucosa
Activation, FA + CoA + ATP —– Acyl-coa + H2O + AMP +PPi
acyl CoA synthetase
Activation, attachment of glycerol to 2 more Acyl-coa using——– losing 2 CoA-h
Acyltransferase
lipoproteins why are they used
triglycerides are packed into them for transport in blood they are too hydrophobic otherwise
transport, from gut to tissues
chylomicrons
what are chylomicrons
3 answers
water soluble
a mixture of lipids and apolipoproteins
phospholipid and cholesterol outer layer
what is inside chylomicrons
3 answers
triglycerides, cholesterol and fat soluble lipids
so triacylglycerides are digested by ——— to create a monoacylglyceride and FA so they can get through the ———— then it goes into ————
lipase
bilayer
chylomicrons
what do tissues have to release the FA into cells from lipoproteins?
they have lipoprotein lipase which cleaves of FA so they can enter the cell
what is a chylomicron calledafter it has offloaded all the TAGS and how is it removed
a remnant, removed from the circulation by the liver
TG synthesis, dihydrogyacetone phosphate ——— glycerol 3 phosphate
glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase
G-3-P —— lysophosphatidic acid
Glycerol 3 phosphate acyltransferase
lysophosphatidic acid—— phosphatidic acid
1-acyl glycerol 3 phosphate acyltransferase
phosphatidic acid —— diacylglycerol
phosphatidic acid phosphatase
diacylglycerol ——– triacylglycerol
diacylglycerol acyltransferase
FA catabolism, 3 steps
mobilisation
activation
Beta oxidation
