glycogen metabolism

Question 1

what is the structure of glycogen and what can we do to detect it?

Answer 1

1-4 alpha linkage with 1-6 branching
helical structure
iodine, because it fits in the hole of the helix

Question 2

what does glycogen form

and what can it be used to measure

Answer 2

glycogen granules

measures the activity of the liver

Question 3

liver is the main what?

Answer 3

storage for glycogen

Question 4

most of the glycogen is stored in the

Answer 4

muscles

Question 5

the glycogen in the liver is used for what

Answer 5

to supply the whole body with energy

Question 6

the muscle glycogen does what

Answer 6

it provides energy for the muscles but it cant leave the muscles so it is only used for the muscles

Question 7

glycogenolysis, glycogen to glucose 1 phosophate

Answer 7

glycogen phosphorylase

Question 8

glycogenolysis, glucose 1 phosophate to glucose 6 phosphate

Answer 8

phosphoglucomutase

Question 9

phosphoylase breaks the glycogen because

Answer 9

it would already have a phosphate group on it and would save energy instead of using atp to get back to glucose 6 phosophate

Question 10

PLP is used to

Answer 10

destabilize another phosphate

Question 11

phosphoylase is processive what is that?

Answer 11

does 1 reaction again and again without releasing glycogen

Question 12

enzyme that phosphorylates glycogen stops at

Answer 12

branching

also it is always 4 units away from the branch

Question 13

they use a ——— ——– that transfers —- ——— units to the core strand
the enzyme is called ———–

Answer 13

debranching enzyme
3 glycosyl units
transferase

Question 14

then the final unit is hydrolysied into a

Answer 14

glucose unit by alpha 1,6 glucodase

Question 15

phosphoglucomutase is a

Answer 15

2 step process

Question 16

phosphoglucomutase uses a

Answer 16

serine molecule to attach and remove a phosphate group onto the glucose 1 phosphate then removing it of the glucose 1,6 bisp to produce g-6-p

Question 17

glycogenesis, g-6-p to g-1-p

Answer 17

phosphoglucomutase

Question 18

glycogenesis, g-1-p to UDP-glucose

Answer 18

UDP-glucose pyrophosphoylase

removes 2 ppi but gains one from the glucose

Question 19

UDP-glucose is used to

Answer 19

add onto a original strand creating longer glycogen strands

Question 20

UDP-glucose to Glycogen

Answer 20

Glycogen synthase

Question 21

1) Glycogenin what does it do

Answer 21

starts of the process of making glycogen
initially builds 8 unit primer
then extended by glycogen synthase

Question 22

2) branching enzyme what does it do

Answer 22

binds to chains 11+ units along
cuts of heptamer of glucose units- glycosyltransferase
reattaches heptamer via 1-6 linkage- glycosyltransferase
always at least 4 units apart