genetic aspects of metabolism

Question 1

somatic cell

Answer 1

diploid

Question 2

nucleosomes packed by

Answer 2

soleniod histones

Question 3

genome size is proportional to

Answer 3

complexity not gene number

Question 4

more complex organisms have

Answer 4

decreased gene density

Question 5

gene density =

Answer 5

number of genes per megabase of genomic dna

Question 6

interspersed repeats

Answer 6

individual repeat units

distributed around the genome

Question 7

Microsatellites

Answer 7

tendem repeats

of units 2-4 bp

Question 8

Minisatellite (ccccgggg)(ccccgggg)100

Answer 8

10-100bp repeated in tendem array
refered to as variable number tendem repeats
prone to mutation

Question 9

mitochondria each contain

Answer 9

2 - 10 copies of circular dna genome

Question 10

defects in chromosome 1-22 are

Answer 10

autosomal

Question 11

cf is an

Answer 11

autosomal recessive disease

-cftr encodes a cl- ion transporter

Question 12

autosomal dominant

Answer 12

huntingtons disease

neuronal degeneration

Question 13

x linked disorder

Answer 13

haemophilia
inability to form blood clots
lack of factor 7

Question 14

point mutations, transition

Answer 14

same type purine or pyrimidine

Question 15

point mutation, transversion

Answer 15

different type

Question 16

causes of mutation, replication error

Answer 16

error in bases very rare, can be repaired

repetitive regions causes slippage and insert more repeats and cant be repaired

Question 17

causes of mutation, tautomeric shift

Answer 17

base has structural alteration, tautomerization

Question 18

amino group (NH2) to

Answer 18

Imino group (=NH)

Question 19

Keto group (-c=o) to

Answer 19

Enol group (c-oh)

Question 20

causes of mutation, deanimation

Answer 20

loss of amino group

of C, A, G

Question 21

C deanimation

Answer 21

uracil (pairs A)

Question 22

A deanimation

Answer 22

hypoxanthine (pairs C)

Question 23

G deanimation

Answer 23

xanthine (pairs C less strongly)

Question 24

5 methyl C - T cannot

Answer 24

be repaired and the others can

Question 25

causes of mutation, depurination

Answer 25

removal of a base resulting in a guess for the complementary base in the next replication

Question 26

Mutagens

there are 5

Answer 26

intercalating agent
base analogues
alkylating agent
deanimating agent
oxidising agent

Question 27

Mutagens, intercalating agent and eg

Answer 27

inserts themselves in between bases
ethidium bromide
results in lose or addition in base

Question 28

Mutagens, base analogue and eg

Answer 28

incorporated into DNA
more prone to tautomeric shift
bromouracil

Question 29

Mutagens, alkylating agent and eg (2)

Answer 29

add alkyl groups to nucleobases

can also speed up nitrosamines

Question 30

Mutagens, oxidising agent just eg

Answer 30

H2O2

Question 31

physical radiation, xray, uv

Answer 31

creates free radicals

Question 32

consequences of mutagens

Answer 32

alters role of transcription
splicing errors (mutation in intron/exon)
coding regions, alter protein function