Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BECOM Exam 1 > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

macromolecule synthesis is what kind of reaction

A

condensation (makes water)

“if someone is CONDESCENDING, it MAKES you feel bad and you CRY WATER”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

macromolecule degradation is what kind of reaction

A

hydrolysis (catabolic) (uses water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the high energy bond where ATP has most of its energy?

A

phosphoanhydride bond at the gamma phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

is catabolism oxidative or reductive?

A

oxidative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

is anabolism oxidative or reductive?

A

reductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

direct transfer of a phosphoryl group from ADP

A

substrate level phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • oxidize carbons
  • makes reduced coenzymes
  • creates potential energy in the gradient
  • coupling of protons
  • protons flow across an enzyme
  • ATP is generate
A

oxidative phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are oxidized to make energy?

A
  • Carbs
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what use energy?

A
  • biosynthesis
  • detoxification
  • muscle contraction
  • active ion transport
  • thermogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

gaining a bond to H and losing a bond to ONS

A

reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

losing a bond to H and gaining a bond to ONS

A

oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when will you have increased heat production with uncouplers?

A

low ATP production conditions (since aren’t using ATP synthase), have to give off the energy somewhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cristae

A

increase the surface area

maximizes the surface area/volume ratio which allows more ATP to be made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

UCP1

A

thermogenin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

natural uncoupler

A

UCP1 - thermogenin (brown fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

vitamin B1

A

Thiamine

DIET ONLY

holocaust survivors

Beri-Beri disease

Required in PDC

17
Q

PDH Complex requires what

A

NAD, B1, B3

18
Q

vitamin B3

A

Niacin

DIET & SYNTHESIS

Makes NAD

19
Q

vitamin B5

A

pantothenic

needed to make CoA

“B5 is PENTOthenic acid”

20
Q

what transfers the most oxidized form of carbon (CO2)?

A

biotin

21
Q

what 3 things transfer one-carbon units that are less oxidized than CO2?

A
  • Tetrahydrofolate (FH4)
  • Vitamin B12
  • SAM
22
Q

vitamin B9

A

Folate

donates its one-carbon unit

purine synthesis
thymidine synthesis
methionine synthesis
serine/glycine metabolism (interconversion)

23
Q

vitamin B12

A

cobalamin

DIET - stored in liver for 6 years

sensitive to hydrolysis

24
Q

what part of B12 is the active part of the corrin ring that binds with the carbon of the methyl group?

A

cobalt atom

25
Q

2 reactions of B12 in the body

A

Rearranges methyl group from methylmalonyl coA to succinyl coA

Transfers methyl group to homocysteine to form methionine

26
Q

what amino acids are used by B12 in the conversion of methylmalonyl coA to succinyl coA?

A
  • valine
  • isoleucine
  • threonine
  • methionine

“that is V MIT”

27
Q

what 2 N’s do the carbon attachments occur at on the FH4?

A

5 & 10

28
Q

what is the most reduced form of FH4?

A

N5-methyl-FH4

29
Q

what is the methyl trap?

A

high methyl FH4 means it will have lower utilization elsewhere and the methyl group is trapped in the FH4

30
Q

what are the carbon sources for the FH4-C?

A
  • serine
  • glycine
  • histidine
  • formaldehyde (can be formed from oxidation of ethanol)
  • Formate
31
Q

what happens in elderly people who have decreased intrinsic factor by their parietal cells

A

can’t bind to free B12 in the ileum and transferred out to the liver and other tissues

32
Q

where are the R-binders in the stomach secreted from?

A

gastric mucosa

33
Q

where are the intrinsic factors in the stomach secreted from?

A

parietal cells

34
Q

what enables the intrinic factor-B12 complex to transport to the ileum?

A

proteases secreted by the pancrease

35
Q

what binds with B12 in the blood to transfer it to liver and tissues?

A

transcobalamin II

BECOM Exam 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions