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BECOM Exam 1 > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

statins are _____ inhibitors

A

competitive

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2
Q

lineweaver buck noncompetitive inhibition displays _____

A

decreased Vmax

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3
Q

doubling the [enzyme] does not change the _______

A

Km

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4
Q

low Km = _____ substrate affinity

A

high

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5
Q

what does low Km mean?

A

you will get to 1/2 Vmax faster than a high Km

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6
Q

hexokinase location

A

tissues

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7
Q

glucokinase location

A

liver

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8
Q

hexokinase Km

A

low Km

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9
Q

glucokinase Km

A

high Km

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10
Q

why does glucokinase have a high Km?

A

only want to use glucokinase to convert glucose into glycogen stores when there is a high [glucose]

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11
Q

which type of MM enzyme inhibitor can be a transition state analog (like a drug - statin)

A

competitive inhibitor

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12
Q

where does the competitive inhibitor bind

A

E

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13
Q

where does the noncompetitive inhibitor bind

A

E & ES

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14
Q

where does the uncompetitive inhibitor bind

A

ES

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15
Q

what happens if the E & ES are bound to an inhibitor at the same time

A

it is reduced to a noncompetitive inhibition

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16
Q

what happens to Km and Vmax for competitive

A

Increase Km

No change to Vmax

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17
Q

what happens to Km and Vmax for noncompetitive

A

No change to Km

Decrease V max

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18
Q

what happens to Km and Vmax for uncompetitive

A

Decrease Km
Decrease Vmax
Causes a lower [ES]

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19
Q

what kind of inhibitors are slow acting cholinesterase inhibitors

A

uncompetitive

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20
Q

what kind of bond do irreversible inhibitors form

A

covalent (kills them)

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21
Q

what kind of inhibitor is aspirin?

A

irreversible (suicide)

22
Q

what kind of inhibitor is cyclooxygenase?

A

irreversible (suicide)

23
Q

what kind of inhibitor is penicillin?

A

irreversible (suicide)

24
Q

what kind of inhibitor is transpeptidase?

A

irreversible (suicide)

25
Q

what kind of bond do allosteric regulators form?

A

non covalent bonds

26
Q

where on the substrate do allosteric effectors bind?

A

a place outside the active site

27
Q

which kind of regulators act at the committed step?

A

allosteric effectors

28
Q

allosteric regulator curve

A

sigmoidal

29
Q

what inhibits F6P

A

ATP, TCA Cycle, Citrate

30
Q

what activates F6P

A

AMP, F26BPG

31
Q

what is the highly regulated enzyme at the committed step of glycolysis

A

PFK1

32
Q

which type of reaction is turned off by phosphorylation?

A

anabolic reactions

33
Q

which amino acids can be used in phosphorylation?

A

STY

34
Q

which enzyme removes a phosphate

A

phosphatase

35
Q

CK BB

A

brain

36
Q

CK MB

A

heart muscle

37
Q

CK MM

A

muscle

38
Q

which enzyme converts creatine into phosphocreatine

A

creatine kinase

39
Q

In which conditions is CK high

A
  • skeletal muscle disease
  • actue MI
  • CVD
  • vigorous exercise
  • IM injections
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • hypokalemia
40
Q

what is the charge on the CK molecule

A

negative&raquo_space; migrates to the anode (+)

41
Q

what kind of enzymes are phase 1 detox enzymes

A

cytochrome p450

42
Q

what do phase 1 detox enzymes do?

A
  • oxidation
  • reduction

oxidize or hydrate the molecule to make it more soluble

43
Q

what nutrients are needed for phase 1 detox enzymes

A
  • B2
  • B3
  • B6
  • B12
  • folic acid
  • glutathione
  • flavinoids
44
Q

what are the three phase 2 detox enzyme processes?

A
  • sulfation
  • glucoronidation
  • glutathione conjugation
45
Q

what nutrients are needed for phase 2 detox enzymes

A
  • B5
  • B12
  • Vitamin C
  • methionine
  • cysteine
  • mag
  • glutathione
  • glycine
  • taurine
  • glutamine
  • folic acid
  • choline
46
Q

what do the phase 2 detox enzymes secrete the water soluble waste as

A
  • urine
  • bile
  • stool
47
Q

what is anything foreign taken into the body or taken in high levels (drugs, chemicals, toxins)

A

xenobiotics

48
Q

what does the body convert acetaminophen to using phase 1 detox enzymes?

A

NAPQI - very toxic

49
Q

what is used to treat NAPQI

A

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to boost GSH conjugation and excretion

50
Q

what does alcohol do to the detoxification enzymes

A

increases cytochrome p450 expression which will decrease GSH

BECOM Exam 1 (13 decks)

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