Hb & Mb

Question 1

what causes hypercapnia (buildup of blood CO2)

Answer 1

hypOventilation

Question 2

compensatory response to chronic metabolic alkalosis

Answer 2

respiratory acidosis

Question 3

compared to adult hemoglobin, the oxygen affinity of fetal hemoglobin is _____

Answer 3

it depends on local [2,3-BPG]

Question 4

antagonistic plyotropy example

Answer 4

a compensation mutation like sickling of RBC in malaria decreasing the malaria lifespan

Question 5

what happens to the pH when hyperventilating?

Answer 5

blood pH increases

Question 6

what enzyme turns 13BPG into 23BPG

Answer 6

biphosphoglycerate mutase

Question 7

where in the body is there a phosphate buffer?

Answer 7

urinary and ICF

Question 8

where in the body is there a protein buffer?

Answer 8

plasma (albumin)

Question 9

when will lots of acid buffering in the bones take place?

Answer 9

in acute acidotic conditions

Question 10

normal range for arterial pH

Answer 10

7.37-7.43

Question 11

normal range for H+

Answer 11

37-43

Question 12

normal range for pCO2

Answer 12

36-44

Question 13

normal range for pO2

Answer 13

75-100

Question 14

normal range for HCO3

Answer 14

22-26

Question 15

what are 2 reasons for metabolic acidosis?

Answer 15

Increased production of metabolic acids (lactate)

Failure to excrete acids (kidney problems)

Question 16

what increases lactate?

Answer 16

anything that interferes with mitochondria OxPhos

• hypoxia
• hyperfusion (hypovolemic shock)
• drugs
• mitochondrial disease
• starvation
• DKA

Question 17

why does DKA cause metabolic acidosis?

Answer 17

shifts from glucose&raquo_space; lipids for fuels&raquo_space; builds up acids

Question 18

hypercapnia

Answer 18

buildup of blood CO2 because you aren’t blowing off the CO2 out of the lungs

Question 19

what is an effective pH buffer?

Answer 19

acetic acid and sodium acetate

weak acid and conjugate base

Question 20

ROME

Answer 20

Respiratory Opposite

Metabolic Equal