Metabolism 2

Question 1

Enzymes are

Answer 1

catalysts
proteins
specific
end in -ase

Question 2

What does enzymes as catalyst do

Answer 2

Lower activation energy

Increases reaction rate (not speed!)

Question 3

Enzyme part that is protein

Answer 3

Apoenzyme (protein component)

Question 4

Enzymes part that is NOT protein

Answer 4

Cofactor (nonprotein component)
Prosthetic group (firmly attached)
Coenzyme (loose attach; can dissociate)

Question 5

Holoenzyme

Answer 5

Apoenzyme + cofactor

Question 6

Riboenzyme

Answer 6

catalytic RNA

Question 7

coenzymes

Answer 7

loose attach with enzyme

can dissociate

Question 8

exergonic reaction

See slide 12 graph

Answer 8

(products have less E than reactants)

cuz the products is lower than the reactants on graph

Question 9

What is the 3D structure of an enzyme

Answer 9

Active site

due to 3D structure

Question 10

List 4 things with enzymes

Answer 10

Active site
Allosteric site
Competitive vs. Noncompetitive inhibition
Induced fit vs. lock & key model

Question 11

Look at slide 13 for enzyme plus enzyme substrate equal enzyme and product

Answer 11

Notice the enzyme is not used up

Question 12

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) info

Answer 12

Energy carrier
Phosphorylation
hydrolysis

Question 13

What is phospholryation

Answer 13

Addition of phosphate (ADP + P = ATP)
Ex: phosphorylate glucose in glycolysis
+^G

Question 14

What is hydrolysis

Answer 14

Release phosphate (Pi) so ATP - P =ADP
Pyrophosphate (PPi)
-^G

Question 15

When -^G what kind of reaction

Answer 15

endergonic- cleave off P

Question 16

when +^G what kind of reaction

Answer 16

exergonic, add P

Question 17

Name reactions that exergonic

Answer 17

respiration (both)
fermentation
phototrophy
chemoliothropy

Question 18

Name reaction that are endogonic

need energy

Answer 18

chemical work
transport work
mechanical work

Question 19

3 ways How is ATP made in the cell

Answer 19

Substrate-level phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Photophosphorylation

Question 20

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 20

Phosphate transferred from organic compound to ADP

Question 21

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 21

Chemiosmosis
Make ATP from Proton motive force (moving H+)
Requires ATP synthase, PMF, and electron transport chain

Question 22

Micronutrients

Answer 22

Trace elements
Part of enzymes and cofactors
Examples: B, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, W, V, Zn

Question 23

Macronutrients

Answer 23

Carbon hydrogen
oxygen potassium
nitrogen calcium
iron magnesium

Question 24

Carbohydrate macronutrients

Answer 24

Carbon hydrogen oxygen phosphorus
nitrogen sulfer

Question 25

Potassium macronutrient

Answer 25

enzyme

Question 26

calcium macronutrient

Answer 26

Stabilize bacterial cell walls;
heat resistance in bacterial endospores;
signaling molecule in eukaryotes

Question 27

Magnesium macronutrient

Answer 27

Cofactor for enzymes
, complexes with ATP,
stabilizes ribosomes and cell membranes

Question 28

Iron macronutrient

Answer 28

Cofactor for enzymes and electron carrier proteins (cytochromes and iron-sulfur proteins)

Question 29

Growth factors

Answer 29

Organic compounds
Required in small amounts (coenzymes)
Vitamins, amino acids, purines, pyrimidines

Question 30

Fastidious =

Answer 30

Fastidious = organisms that require growth factors