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Cellbio > eukaryotic cell cycle 3 > Flashcards

eukaryotic cell cycle 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the phases of cell cycle in order

A 
Interphase
Prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
IPPMAT
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2
Q

What cell cycle comes after metaphase when the chromosomes are lined up in the middle

A

anaphase

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3
Q

what happens in anaphase.

A

sister chromatids separate

a=apart

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4
Q

where do the sister chromatids go

A

to the poles

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5
Q

How do sister chromatids go to the poles

A 
kinetochore microtubules shorten
microtubule flux
microtubule depolymerization (+ end)
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6
Q

what do the motor proteins do in anaphase

A

move the spindle poles apart are the sister chromatids separate

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7
Q

what regulates anaphase

A 
APC/C targets securin for destruction
Activates separase (protease)
Separase cleaves cohesin, releasing sister chromatids
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8
Q

what are the 2 process in anaphase.

A

separate sister chromatids

move spindle poles apart

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9
Q

Interphase 3-4 phases

A

G1 (G0), S, G2

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10
Q

what phase comes after anaphase

A

telophase

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11
Q

what happens in telophase

A

disassemble mitotic spindle
reform nuclear envelope
chromosome packed into daughter nuclei
chromosome uncoil to get ready for interphase

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12
Q

is cell division complete after telophase

A

NO, Mitosis (M phase) is

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13
Q

where are daughter cells in telophase

A

at each pole

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14
Q

what comes after telophase

A

cytokinesis (right after)

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15
Q

what is cytokinesis

see slide 21

A

where the cytoplasm divides

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16
Q

in animal cell what is the thing called that starts to separate two cells

A

cleavage furrow

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17
Q

in plant cell what is the thing called that separates two cells

A

cell plate

18
Q

what is the cleavage furrow made of

A

Contractile ring of actin (microfilament) and myosin

19
Q

what makes the cell plate up

A 
Vesicles from Golgi apparatus
Polysaccharide and glycoproteins
Cellulose added (from vesicles) to form cell wall
20
Q

what carried the cellulose to the cell plate

A

golgi apparatus

21
Q

look at slide 22, print it out

A

study the hell out of this slide 22

22
Q

Which of the following events occurs in mitotic metaphase?

A

D. Chromosome alignment at the spindle equator

23
Q

Indicate whether each of the following occurs mainly in G1 phase (G), S phase (S), or G2 phase (H) of the cell cycle. answer each one
( ) DNA helicase activation
( ) DNA helicase deposition on DNA at the replication origins
( ) ORC phosphorylation
( ) Licensing of replication origins

A

S,G,S,G

24
Q

Consider two kinesin motor proteins at the mitotic spindle midzone: kinesin-5 is a tetrameric motor that walks toward the plus end of both microtubules to which it is attached via its motor domains; kinesin-14, on the other hand, walks toward the minus end of one microtubule while it is attached to another microtubule via its tail domain. How do these motors affect the length of the spindle?

A

C. Kinesin-5 works to lengthen the spindle whereas kinesin-14 works to shorten it.

25
Q

How is centrosome duplication similar to DNA replication?
A. They both use a semiconservative mechanism.
B. They are initiated at around the same time in the cell cycle, near the G1/S transition.
C. They are both controlled in such a way that they replicate once and only once per cell cycle.
D. They are both separated from their sister copies in mitosis.
E. All of the above.

A

E. All of the above.

26
Q 
Indicate true (T) and false (F) statements below regarding mitosis and the changes that it brings about compared to interphase. answer each one
(  )	Microtubules become greatly stabilized in mitosis compared to interphase.
(  )	The number of γ-tubulin ring complexes in the centrosomes increases greatly during mitosis compared to interphase.

( ) A bipolar spindle can be formed even in the absence of centrosomes.

A

F,T,T

27
Q

The … is a large structure formed at the centromeric region of each eukaryotic chromosome. It captures spindle microtubules in mitosis, and therefore serves to attach the chromosomes to the spindle poles.”

A

kinetochore

28
Q

Imagine a prometaphase chromosome pair that is attached to one spindle pole. Which of the following would happen if both arms of the chromosome are severed with a strong laser beam?

A

C. The kinetochore-containing fragment would be pulled toward the pole. The two arm fragments would move away from the pole.

29
Q

Which of the following motor proteins are more directly involved in anaphase?

A

E. Kinesin-5 on interpolar microtubules and dynein on astral microtubules

30
Q

Indicate true (T) and false (F) statements below regarding cytokinesis in animal cells. answer each one
( ) The force for cytokinesis is generated by kinesin motors on microtubule bundles that form the contractile ring.
( ) As the contractile ring constricts, its thickness increases to keep a constant volume.
( ) The midbody forms from bundles of actin and myosin II.
( ) Local activation of Ran GTPase triggers the assembly and contraction of the contractile ring.

A

F,F,F,F

The contractile ring is based on actin and myosin II, constricts in a dynamic fashion, and gradually disassembles. RhoA GTPase helps assemble this structure.

31
Q

Indicate true (T) and false (F) statements below regarding cytokinesis in eukaryotic cells. answer each one
( ) The preprophase band, composed of microtubules and actin filaments, marks the site of cytokinesis in plant cells.
( ) In some cell types, the site of contractile-ring formation is determined before mitosis.
( ) The early cell plate in dividing plant cells appears after phragmoplast formation.
( ) The membrane required for the newly formed cell plate in plant cells is provided by endocytosis from the equatorial plasma membrane.

A

T,T,T,F

In plant cells, the preprophase band assembles just before mitosis and marks the site of cytokinesis. The assembly of the cell plate between the two daughter cells is then guided by phragmoplast. The membrane required for the formation of cell plate comes from the Golgi apparatus.

32
Q

look at the questions chapter 17

5.7.19.22.29.53

A

Ill email to you

33
Q

Is interphase in mitosis or m phase

A

NO

34
Q

what are stage of the cell cycle

watch bio flix animation on canvas

A

IPPMAT

35
Q

What are the stages of Mitosis or M phase

A

PPMAT

36
Q

Is cytokinesis in m phase

A

no, right after

37
Q

review prophase

A

DNA condenses into chromosomes

Mitotic spindle forms

38
Q

review prometaphase

A

Nuclear envelope breaks down

Spindle fibers contact centromere (kinetochore)

39
Q

review metaphase

A

Chromosomes align at middle of cell (metaphase plate)

40
Q

review anaphase

A

Sister chromatids separate

41
Q

review telophase

A

Nuclear envelope forms
Spindle apparatus disappears
Chromosomes decondense

42
Q

review cytokinesis

A

cytoplasm divides

makes 2 daughter cells

Cellbio (17 decks)

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