eukaryotic cell cycle 3 Flashcards
What are the phases of cell cycle in order
Interphase Prophase prometaphase metaphase anaphase telophase IPPMAT
What cell cycle comes after metaphase when the chromosomes are lined up in the middle
anaphase
what happens in anaphase.
sister chromatids separate
a=apart
where do the sister chromatids go
to the poles
How do sister chromatids go to the poles
kinetochore microtubules shorten microtubule flux microtubule depolymerization (+ end)
what do the motor proteins do in anaphase
move the spindle poles apart are the sister chromatids separate
what regulates anaphase
APC/C targets securin for destruction Activates separase (protease) Separase cleaves cohesin, releasing sister chromatids
what are the 2 process in anaphase.
separate sister chromatids
move spindle poles apart
Interphase 3-4 phases
G1 (G0), S, G2
what phase comes after anaphase
telophase
what happens in telophase
disassemble mitotic spindle
reform nuclear envelope
chromosome packed into daughter nuclei
chromosome uncoil to get ready for interphase
is cell division complete after telophase
NO, Mitosis (M phase) is
where are daughter cells in telophase
at each pole
what comes after telophase
cytokinesis (right after)
what is cytokinesis
see slide 21
where the cytoplasm divides
in animal cell what is the thing called that starts to separate two cells
cleavage furrow
in plant cell what is the thing called that separates two cells
cell plate
what is the cleavage furrow made of
Contractile ring of actin (microfilament) and myosin
what makes the cell plate up
Vesicles from Golgi apparatus Polysaccharide and glycoproteins Cellulose added (from vesicles) to form cell wall
what carried the cellulose to the cell plate
golgi apparatus
look at slide 22, print it out
study the hell out of this slide 22
Which of the following events occurs in mitotic metaphase?
D. Chromosome alignment at the spindle equator
Indicate whether each of the following occurs mainly in G1 phase (G), S phase (S), or G2 phase (H) of the cell cycle. answer each one
( ) DNA helicase activation
( ) DNA helicase deposition on DNA at the replication origins
( ) ORC phosphorylation
( ) Licensing of replication origins
S,G,S,G
Consider two kinesin motor proteins at the mitotic spindle midzone: kinesin-5 is a tetrameric motor that walks toward the plus end of both microtubules to which it is attached via its motor domains; kinesin-14, on the other hand, walks toward the minus end of one microtubule while it is attached to another microtubule via its tail domain. How do these motors affect the length of the spindle?
C. Kinesin-5 works to lengthen the spindle whereas kinesin-14 works to shorten it.
How is centrosome duplication similar to DNA replication?
A. They both use a semiconservative mechanism.
B. They are initiated at around the same time in the cell cycle, near the G1/S transition.
C. They are both controlled in such a way that they replicate once and only once per cell cycle.
D. They are both separated from their sister copies in mitosis.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Indicate true (T) and false (F) statements below regarding mitosis and the changes that it brings about compared to interphase. answer each one ( ) Microtubules become greatly stabilized in mitosis compared to interphase. ( ) The number of γ-tubulin ring complexes in the centrosomes increases greatly during mitosis compared to interphase.
( ) A bipolar spindle can be formed even in the absence of centrosomes.
F,T,T
The … is a large structure formed at the centromeric region of each eukaryotic chromosome. It captures spindle microtubules in mitosis, and therefore serves to attach the chromosomes to the spindle poles.”
kinetochore
Imagine a prometaphase chromosome pair that is attached to one spindle pole. Which of the following would happen if both arms of the chromosome are severed with a strong laser beam?
C. The kinetochore-containing fragment would be pulled toward the pole. The two arm fragments would move away from the pole.
Which of the following motor proteins are more directly involved in anaphase?
E. Kinesin-5 on interpolar microtubules and dynein on astral microtubules
Indicate true (T) and false (F) statements below regarding cytokinesis in animal cells. answer each one
( ) The force for cytokinesis is generated by kinesin motors on microtubule bundles that form the contractile ring.
( ) As the contractile ring constricts, its thickness increases to keep a constant volume.
( ) The midbody forms from bundles of actin and myosin II.
( ) Local activation of Ran GTPase triggers the assembly and contraction of the contractile ring.
F,F,F,F
The contractile ring is based on actin and myosin II, constricts in a dynamic fashion, and gradually disassembles. RhoA GTPase helps assemble this structure.
Indicate true (T) and false (F) statements below regarding cytokinesis in eukaryotic cells. answer each one
( ) The preprophase band, composed of microtubules and actin filaments, marks the site of cytokinesis in plant cells.
( ) In some cell types, the site of contractile-ring formation is determined before mitosis.
( ) The early cell plate in dividing plant cells appears after phragmoplast formation.
( ) The membrane required for the newly formed cell plate in plant cells is provided by endocytosis from the equatorial plasma membrane.
T,T,T,F
In plant cells, the preprophase band assembles just before mitosis and marks the site of cytokinesis. The assembly of the cell plate between the two daughter cells is then guided by phragmoplast. The membrane required for the formation of cell plate comes from the Golgi apparatus.
look at the questions chapter 17
5.7.19.22.29.53
Ill email to you
Is interphase in mitosis or m phase
NO
what are stage of the cell cycle
watch bio flix animation on canvas
IPPMAT
What are the stages of Mitosis or M phase
PPMAT
Is cytokinesis in m phase
no, right after
review prophase
DNA condenses into chromosomes
Mitotic spindle forms
review prometaphase
Nuclear envelope breaks down
Spindle fibers contact centromere (kinetochore)
review metaphase
Chromosomes align at middle of cell (metaphase plate)
review anaphase
Sister chromatids separate
review telophase
Nuclear envelope forms
Spindle apparatus disappears
Chromosomes decondense
review cytokinesis
cytoplasm divides
makes 2 daughter cells
