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Cellbio > Catabolism 1 Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Catabolism 1 Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Glycolysis

A

Glucose oxidized to pyruvic acid (pyruvate)

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2
Q

respiration

A

Krebs cycle, ETC, Chemiosmosis
Aerobic – O2 final e- acceptor
Anaerobic – O2 NOT final e- acceptor

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3
Q

fermentation

A

Different fermentation end-products

Organic compound = final e- acceptor

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4
Q

anaerobic respiration final electron acceptor examples

A 
lactate
fumarate
carbon dioxide
nitrate
sulfate
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5
Q

fermentation final electron acceptor example

A

Pyruvate

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6
Q

aerobic respiration final electron acceptor

A

oxygen

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7
Q

Glycolysis - overview

A

Embden Meyerhof other name
Glycolysis
Occurs in cytoplasm (bacteria, eukayr, arachae)
2 Stages

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8
Q

What is glycolysis

A

Splitting of sugar (glucose)
6Carbons sugar split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate) (3Carbons)
Electrons removed from glucose molecule

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9
Q

Two stages of glycolysis

A

Preparatory stage

Energy conserving stage

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10
Q

Glycolysis - intermediates

A 
GGFFDG (Go get four fat Dog Guts) BPPPP ( by 4 p's)
Glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate* this is when splits in two
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2)
3-phosphoglycerate (2)
2-phosphoglycerate (2)
Phosphoenolpyruvate (2)
Pyruvate (2)
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11
Q

Glycolysis Preparatory Stage

A

Investment stage
Invest 2 ATP
No electron carriers involved

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12
Q

What happens in the glycolysis preparatory stage

A

Input: 1 glucose, 2 ATP
output: 2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Energize glucose
Keep sugar in cell

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13
Q

Glycolysis Energy-Conserving Stage

A

Payoff stage- produce 2 pyruvate

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14
Q

what happens during the energy conserving stage

A

Electron carriers reduced (NAD+ to NADH)

ATP produced by substrate-level phosphorylation

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15
Q

Input and output of the payoff energy conserving stage

A

2 ATP now 4 ATP
1 six carbon glucose now 2-three carbon pyruvate
2 NAD+ to NADH (reduced)

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16
Q

Dr. Kempf, what do I need to know about glycolysis for the exam??

A

Inputs, outputs, and net gains
Names and order of intermediates
Selected structures

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17
Q

Net gain of energy conserving stage glycolysis?

A

2 ATP
2 Pyruvate
2 NADH

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18
Q

Preparatory investment stage input output

A

input 2 ATP molecules

output 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde phosphate

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19
Q

First half of Glycolysis - intermediates

A 
GGFFDG (Go get four fat Dog Guts)
Glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate & glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate* 
this is when splits in two
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20
Q

Second half of Glycolysis - intermediates

A 
BPPPP ( by 4 p's)
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2)
3-phosphoglycerate (2)
2-phosphoglycerate (2)
Phosphoenolpyruvate (2)
Pyruvate (2)
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21
Q

Alternative to glycolysis

A

Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Pentose-Phosphate Shunt (PPS)

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22
Q

Entner-Doudoroff pathway

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other soil bacteria
Glucose oxidized to pyruvate
Different enzymes and intermediates than glycolysis

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23
Q

Input and Output of Entner-Doudoroff pathway

A

Net yield input 1 glucose:

2 Pyruvate 1 ATP, 1 NADPH, 1 NADH

24
Q

what does not use Entner Doudoroff pathway

A

not in gram positive

25
Q

Entner Doudoroff pathway

Different enzymes and intermediates than glycolysis

A

2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG)

Cleaved to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

26
Q

Pentose-Phosphate Shunt (PPS)

A

Used by all organisms

Break down 5C sugars and glucose

27
Q

Pentose-Phosphate Shunt (PPS) Produce intermediates for:

A

Glycolysis
Glucose biosynthesis
Nucleic acids biosynthesis
Some amino acid biosynthesis

28
Q

Pentose-Phosphate Shunt (PPS) net gains

A

Net yield: 2 NADPH, 1 ATP

29
Q

Where does pyruvic acid (pyruvate) go?

A

respiration

fermentation

30
Q

Electron transport chain & Chemiosmosis

A

ATP-generating process

Electron carriers oxidized

31
Q

Krebs cycle comes when

A

After glycolysis

32
Q

Another name for Krebs Cycle

A

Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)

33
Q

what happens during Krebs cycle

A

pyruvate from glycolysis is oxidized to CO2
Electron carriers reduced
ATP from substrate level phosphorylation

34
Q

What are the electrons carriers for Krebs

A

NADH FADH2

35
Q

Output for Krebs Cycle

A

input 2 pyruvate

output 3 things: 6 CO2, 2 ATP, 8 NADH 2 FADH2

36
Q

Output for Krebs Cycle

A

Output: 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 6 CO2, 2 ATP

37
Q

Krebs occurs where

A

Occurs in:
Cytoplasm = Bacteria and Archaea
Matrix = Eukaryotes

38
Q

How many turns does the Krebs cycle take

A
  1. To use up both pyruvates
39
Q

input for Krebs

A

Input: 2 Pyruvate (as acetyl-CoA), 8 NAD+, 2 FAD

40
Q

How many steps in Krebs cycle

41
Q

order of krebs steps

see slide 36

A 
Decarboxylation
Attach Acetyl group (2C) to oxaloacetate 
Decarboxylation
Decarboxylation
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Regenerate oxaloacetate
42
Q

What happens in decarboxylation

A
  1. (3C 2C + CO2)
  2. (6C 5C + CO2)
  3. (5C 4C + CO2)
    each time NAD+ is reduced to NADH
43
Q

What happens with the acetyl group attached

A

makes 2 carbon acetyl group and 4 carbon oxaloacetate a 6 carbon chain

44
Q

what is Substrate-level phosphorylation

A

formation of ATP from ADP and a phosphorylated intermediate

45
Q

what is difference between Substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosporlyation

A

Both processes produce ATP from ADP and Pi substrate level phosphorylation occurs when enzymes remove a “high-energy” phosphate from a substrate and directly transfer it to ADP,
oxidative phosphorylation is based on electrons moving through and ETC and production of a proton-motive force that drives ATP

46
Q

Last step of Krebs

A

Regenerate oxaloacetate (4C)
Reduce electron carriers (NAD+ & FAD)
so they can be used again

47
Q

Krebs Cycle input summary

A

2 Pyruvate (as acetyl-CoA), 8 NAD+, 2 FAD

48
Q

Krebs cycle output summary

A

8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 6 CO2, 2 ATP

49
Q

2 steps of Krebs cycle

A

Pyruvate oxidation

Citric acid cycle

50
Q

INput of Pyruvate oxidation (1 glucose)

A

2 pyruvate 2 NAD+

51
Q

INput from Citric acid cycle

A

2 Acetyl CoA, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD 2 ADP

52
Q

Output of Pyruvate oxidation

A

2 Acetyl CoA 2 CO2 2 NADH

53
Q

output for Citric acid cycle

A

6 CO2 8 NADH 2 FADH2 2 ATP by SLP

54
Q

Total output: from Krebs Cycle

A

6 CO2, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP

55
Q

Oxaloacetate =

A

oxaloacetic acid

56
Q

What comes after the Krebs cycle in respiration

A

Electron transport chain

Cellbio (17 decks)

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