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Cellbio > Catabolism 1 Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Catabolism 1 Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Glycolysis

A

Glucose oxidized to pyruvic acid (pyruvate)

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2
Q

respiration

A

Krebs cycle, ETC, Chemiosmosis
Aerobic – O2 final e- acceptor
Anaerobic – O2 NOT final e- acceptor

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3
Q

fermentation

A

Different fermentation end-products

Organic compound = final e- acceptor

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4
Q

anaerobic respiration final electron acceptor examples

A 
lactate
fumarate
carbon dioxide
nitrate
sulfate
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5
Q

fermentation final electron acceptor example

A

Pyruvate

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6
Q

aerobic respiration final electron acceptor

A

oxygen

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7
Q

Glycolysis - overview

A

Embden Meyerhof other name
Glycolysis
Occurs in cytoplasm (bacteria, eukayr, arachae)
2 Stages

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8
Q

What is glycolysis

A

Splitting of sugar (glucose)
6Carbons sugar split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate) (3Carbons)
Electrons removed from glucose molecule

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9
Q

Two stages of glycolysis

A

Preparatory stage

Energy conserving stage

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10
Q

Glycolysis - intermediates

A 
GGFFDG (Go get four fat Dog Guts) BPPPP ( by 4 p's)
Glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate* this is when splits in two
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2)
3-phosphoglycerate (2)
2-phosphoglycerate (2)
Phosphoenolpyruvate (2)
Pyruvate (2)
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11
Q

Glycolysis Preparatory Stage

A

Investment stage
Invest 2 ATP
No electron carriers involved

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12
Q

What happens in the glycolysis preparatory stage

A

Input: 1 glucose, 2 ATP
output: 2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Energize glucose
Keep sugar in cell

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13
Q

Glycolysis Energy-Conserving Stage

A

Payoff stage- produce 2 pyruvate

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14
Q

what happens during the energy conserving stage

A

Electron carriers reduced (NAD+ to NADH)

ATP produced by substrate-level phosphorylation

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15
Q

Input and output of the payoff energy conserving stage

A

2 ATP now 4 ATP
1 six carbon glucose now 2-three carbon pyruvate
2 NAD+ to NADH (reduced)

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16
Q

Dr. Kempf, what do I need to know about glycolysis for the exam??

A

Inputs, outputs, and net gains
Names and order of intermediates
Selected structures

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17
Q

Net gain of energy conserving stage glycolysis?

A

2 ATP
2 Pyruvate
2 NADH

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18
Q

Preparatory investment stage input output

A

input 2 ATP molecules

output 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde phosphate

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19
Q

First half of Glycolysis - intermediates

A 
GGFFDG (Go get four fat Dog Guts)
Glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate & glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate* 
this is when splits in two
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20
Q

Second half of Glycolysis - intermediates

A 
BPPPP ( by 4 p's)
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2)
3-phosphoglycerate (2)
2-phosphoglycerate (2)
Phosphoenolpyruvate (2)
Pyruvate (2)
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21
Q

Alternative to glycolysis

A

Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Pentose-Phosphate Shunt (PPS)

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22
Q

Entner-Doudoroff pathway

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other soil bacteria
Glucose oxidized to pyruvate
Different enzymes and intermediates than glycolysis

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23
Q

Input and Output of Entner-Doudoroff pathway

A

Net yield input 1 glucose:

2 Pyruvate 1 ATP, 1 NADPH, 1 NADH

24
Q

what does not use Entner Doudoroff pathway

A

not in gram positive

25
Entner Doudoroff pathway | Different enzymes and intermediates than glycolysis
2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG) | Cleaved to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
26
Pentose-Phosphate Shunt (PPS)
Used by all organisms | Break down 5C sugars and glucose
27
Pentose-Phosphate Shunt (PPS) Produce intermediates for:
Glycolysis Glucose biosynthesis Nucleic acids biosynthesis Some amino acid biosynthesis
28
Pentose-Phosphate Shunt (PPS) net gains
Net yield: 2 NADPH, 1 ATP
29
Where does pyruvic acid (pyruvate) go?
respiration | fermentation
30
Electron transport chain & Chemiosmosis
ATP-generating process | Electron carriers oxidized
31
Krebs cycle comes when
After glycolysis
32
Another name for Krebs Cycle
Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)
33
what happens during Krebs cycle
pyruvate from glycolysis is oxidized to CO2 Electron carriers reduced ATP from substrate level phosphorylation
34
What are the electrons carriers for Krebs
NADH FADH2
35
Output for Krebs Cycle
input 2 pyruvate | output 3 things: 6 CO2, 2 ATP, 8 NADH 2 FADH2
36
Output for Krebs Cycle
Output: 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 6 CO2, 2 ATP
37
Krebs occurs where
Occurs in: Cytoplasm = Bacteria and Archaea Matrix = Eukaryotes
38
How many turns does the Krebs cycle take
2. To use up both pyruvates
39
input for Krebs
Input: 2 Pyruvate (as acetyl-CoA), 8 NAD+, 2 FAD
40
How many steps in Krebs cycle
6 steps
41
order of krebs steps | see slide 36
``` Decarboxylation Attach Acetyl group (2C) to oxaloacetate Decarboxylation Decarboxylation Substrate-level phosphorylation Regenerate oxaloacetate ```
42
What happens in decarboxylation
1. (3C 2C + CO2) 2. (6C 5C + CO2) 3. (5C 4C + CO2) each time NAD+ is reduced to NADH
43
What happens with the acetyl group attached
makes 2 carbon acetyl group and 4 carbon oxaloacetate a 6 carbon chain
44
what is Substrate-level phosphorylation
formation of ATP from ADP and a phosphorylated intermediate
45
what is difference between Substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosporlyation
Both processes produce ATP from ADP and Pi substrate level phosphorylation occurs when enzymes remove a "high-energy" phosphate from a substrate and directly transfer it to ADP, oxidative phosphorylation is based on electrons moving through and ETC and production of a proton-motive force that drives ATP
46
Last step of Krebs
Regenerate oxaloacetate (4C) Reduce electron carriers (NAD+ & FAD) so they can be used again
47
Krebs Cycle input summary
2 Pyruvate (as acetyl-CoA), 8 NAD+, 2 FAD
48
Krebs cycle output summary
8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 6 CO2, 2 ATP
49
2 steps of Krebs cycle
Pyruvate oxidation | Citric acid cycle
50
INput of Pyruvate oxidation (1 glucose)
2 pyruvate 2 NAD+
51
INput from Citric acid cycle
2 Acetyl CoA, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD 2 ADP
52
Output of Pyruvate oxidation
2 Acetyl CoA 2 CO2 2 NADH
53
output for Citric acid cycle
6 CO2 8 NADH 2 FADH2 2 ATP by SLP
54
Total output: from Krebs Cycle
6 CO2, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
55
Oxaloacetate =
oxaloacetic acid
56
What comes after the Krebs cycle in respiration
Electron transport chain

Cellbio (17 decks)

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