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Cellbio > Catabolism: questions > Flashcards

Catabolism: questions Flashcards

1
Q

All eukaryotic photosynthesizers are oxygenic.

A

True

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2
Q

In the process of noncyclic photophosphorylation, ________.
A) water is split to form oxygen gas
B) electrons from water flow through electron transport chains resulting in synthesis of ATP and NADPH
C) photosystems I and II are both required
D) All of the choices are correct.

A

D

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3
Q 
In the process of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, ATP is synthesized when excited electrons from chlorophyll P700 pass through a series of electron carriers then return to chlorophyll P700.
A) photosynthesis
B) cyclic photophosphorylation
C) acyclic photophosphorylation
D) noncyclic photophosphorylation
A

B cyclic photophosphorylation

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4
Q 
Photosynthetic electron transport in cyanobacteria takes place \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) on the plasma membrane
B) in the chloroplast
C) in the cytoplasm
D) on the thylakoid membranes
A

D on thylakoid membranes

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5
Q 
Select the terms that describe an organism's carbon source.
A) Heterotroph
B) Lithotroph
C) Chemotroph
D) Autotroph
E) Organotroph
A

A D Heterotroph Autotroph

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6
Q 
The terms phototroph and chemotroph refer to an organism's source of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) energy
B) electrons
C) carbon
D) nitrogen
A

A— energy is chemo & photo

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7
Q 
A newly described bacterial species has been shown to use CO2 as its carbon source. Its energy source and its source of reducing power (electrons) are inorganic chemicals. Which term would best describe this nutritional type?
A) Chemolithoheterotroph
B) Photoorganoheterotroph
C) Photolithoheterotroph
D) Chemolithoautotroph
A

D Chemolithoautotroph– CO2 carbon source, inorganic compounds for energy and reducing

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8
Q 
Which nutritional classification would you predict to fit most of the well-known members of the human microbiome?
A) Photolithoautotrophs
B) Chemoorganoheterotrophs
C) Chemolithoautotrophs
D) Chemolithohetertrophs
A

B) Chemo organo heterotrophs

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9
Q 
Processes that supply ATP, reducing power, and precursor metabolites are collectively referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ reactions.
A) redox
B) fueling
C) synthetic
D) generating
A

B—fueling reactions supply ATP

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10
Q 
In most cases, fueling reactions are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ reactions.
A) catabolic
B) anabolic
C) reducing
D) synthesizing
A

A) catabolic make ATP

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11
Q

An organism can take advantage of energy available from both light and from organic molecules and exhibit both phototrophy and chemoorganotrophy.

A

True

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12
Q 
Indicate the processes below that represent the basic types of chemoorganotrophic metabolism.
A) Photosynthesis
B) Aerobic respiration
C) Fermentation
D) Oxidation-reduction
E) Anaerobic respiration
A

B, C, E
aerobic respiration
fermentation
Anaerobic respiration

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13
Q 
Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation are the three basic types of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) chemoorganoheterotrophic metabolism
B) photolithoautotrophic metabolism
C) chemolithoautotrophic metabolism
D) chemoorganoautotrophic metabolism
A

A) chemo organo heterotrophic metabolism

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14
Q

Glycolysis and the TCA cycle are two of the most important catabolic pathways in chemoorganotrophs.

A

True

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15
Q

What distinguishing feature characterizes aerobic and anaerobic respiration but does not play a role in fermentation pathways?
A) Oxidation-reduction reactions
B) Hydrolysis reactions
C) The absence of O2
D) The presence of an electron transport chain

A

D- no ETC in fermentation

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16
Q

The six carbon glucose that enter the cell respiration pathway end up in/as ________ ______ by the end of the process.

A

carbon dioxide

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17
Q 
Indicate the products of aerobic respiration.
A) Water
B) O2
C) CO2
D) NADH
E) ATP
F) All of the choices are correct.
A

A C E

water, CO2, ATP

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18
Q

Which of the following produces the most ATP during aerobic respiration?
A) Glycolysis
B) TCA cycle
C) Fermentation
D) Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
E) Substrate level phosphorylation

A

D– ETC produces 34

glycolysis 2
TCA 2
fermentation 2

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19
Q 
During glycolysis, ATP is produced when 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate transfers a phosphate to ADP forming ATP.  This is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) photophosphorylation
B) oxidative phosphorylation
C) substrate-level phosphorylation
D) glycolytic phosphorylation
A

C) substrate-level phosphorylation

20
Q

In order for a substance to transfer a phosphate to ADP in a substrate-level phosphorylation reaction, which of the following must be true?
A) The phosphate donor must have a lower phosphate transfer potential than ATP.
B) The phosphate donor must have a higher oxidation-reduction potential than ATP.
C) The phosphate donor must have a higher phosphate transfer potential than ATP.
D) The phosphate donor must have a lower oxidation-reduction potential than ATP.

A

C) The phosphate donor must have a higher phosphate transfer potential than ATP.

21
Q

Whereas the Embden-Meyerhof pathway produces two molecules of pyruvate (net) for each glucose, the Entner-Doudoroff pathway produces one molecule each of ________ and ________.

A

pyruvate; glyceraldehyde

22
Q

Embden-Meyerhof (EM) vs Entner-Doudoroff (ED)

A

Embden-Meyerhof is glycolysis (maybe remember Meyer like Marin has diabetes, so sugar=glycolysis)

Entner-Doudoroff in mostly gram - bacteria
maybe think bacteria ENTER the body and its negative

23
Q 
Which of the following is the major glycolytic pathway used by plants and animals?
A) Tricarboxylic acid cycle
B) Embden-Meyerhof pathway
C) Entner-Doudoroff pathway
D) Pentose phosphate pathway
A

B) Embden-Meyerhof pathway

this is glycolysis

24
Q

The pentose phosphate pathway is the major glycolytic pathway used by archaea.

A

False

archeae use E-M and E-D pathways

25
Q 
Which of the following names refer to the tricarboxlic acid cycle?  
A) Krebs cycle
B) Pentose phosphate pathway
C) Calvin cycle
D) Citric acid cycle
E) Cyclic phosphorylation
A

Krebs and citric acid cycle are same as Tricarboxlic acid cycle

26
Q 
Which of the following is produced in largest numbers by the TCA cycle?
A) ATP (GTP)
B) NADH
C) FADH
D) CO2
A

NADH

27
Q

The TCA cycle is located in the ________ of bacteria, and in the ________ of eukaryotes.
A) cytoplasm; mitochondrial matrix
B) plasma membrane; inner mitochondrial membrane
C) plasma membrane; mitochondrial matrix
D) cytoplasm; inner mitochondrial membrane

A

A) cytoplasm bacteria; mitochondrial matrix eukaryotes

28
Q

The major difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.

A

True
aerobic– is OXYGEN
anaerobic– is sulfate, nitrate, or sulfur

29
Q 
When nitrate is used as a final electron acceptor by bacteria growing in anoxic soils, the nitrogen is no longer available for the construction of precursor metabolites.  This is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) nitrification
B) nitrogen fixation
C) nitrogen respiration
When nitrate is used as a final electron acceptor by bacteria growing in anoxic soils, the nitrogen is no longer available for the construction of precursor metabolites.  This is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) nitrification
B) nitrogen fixation
C) nitrogen respiration
D) dissimilatory nitrate reduction
A

D) dissimilatory nitrate reduction

30
Q 
The amount of ATP produced during anaerobic respiration is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that produced during aerobic respiration, because the difference in the standard reduction potential between NADH and the final electron acceptor is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) less than; larger
B) less than; smaller
C) greater than; larger
D) greater than; smaller
A

B– ATP is less in anaerobic

31
Q 
How is ATP produced during fermentation?
A) Cyclic phosphorylation
B) Substrate-level phosphorylation
C) Oxidative phosphorylation
D) Use of proton motive force to drive ATP synthase
E) Chemosynthetic phosphorylation
A

B) Substrate-level phosphorylation

32
Q

How does a fermenter generate proton motive force (PMF) to drive active transport?
A) Fermenters use an electron transport chain for this purpose.
B) Fermenters cannot generate proton motive force.
C) Fermenters can reverse the direction of the ATP synthase to generate PMF.

A

Fermenters cannot generate proton motive force.

This is in ETC.

33
Q

Complete catabolism of lactose requires ________.
A) ATP, NAD, and appropriate enzymes
B) ATP, UTP, NAD, and appropriate enzymes
C) NAD and appropriate enzymes

A

B) ATP, UTP, NAD, and appropriate enzymes

34
Q 
What enzymes hydrolyze proteins, releasing amino acids?
A) Tranaminases
B) Proteases
C) Decarboxylases
D) Deaminases
A

proteases. proteins and protease start with pro

35
Q

A ________ hydrolyzes a protein into its constituent amino acid monomers and a ________ enzyme removes amino groups from the amino acids.

A

protease

deaminase

36
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to the removal of an amino group from an amino acid. One mechanism for this removal is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, in which the amino group is transferred to an acceptor molecule.
A) Deamination; hydrolysis
B) Deamination; transamination
C) Transamination; deamination
D) Hydrolysis; transamination
A

B) Deamination; transamination

deamination remove amino group
transamination amino transferred

37
Q 
The substances that donate electrons to the electron transport chains of chemolithotrophs are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) carbohydrates
B) inorganic compounds
C) lipids
D) methane gas and alcohols
A

inorganic compounds

38
Q

In what ways are oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation similar?
A) The source of energy is highly reduced organic compounds
B) An electron transport chain is used
C) Proton motive force is generated
D) Water is split to provide electrons
E) ATP synthase enzyme phosphorylates ADP to make ATP

A

An electron transport chain is used
Proton motive force is generated
ATP synthase enzyme phosphorylates ADP to make ATP

39
Q

Consider the metabolism of a chlorophyll–based phototroph. In oxidative phosphorylation during cell respiration, the source of energy is ________ whereas in photophosphorylation the source of energy is ________.
A) highly reduced organic compounds; light
B) NADH; NADPH
C) electron transport chain; chlorophyll
D) ATP; light

A

A) highly reduced organic compounds; light

40
Q

The Embden-Meyerhof, Entner-Doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathways all bring about the reduction of coenzymes (either NAD+ or NADP+). The reduced coenzymes ________.
A) provide reducing power to fuel subsequent reactions
B) are converted into ATP for energy
C) serve as precursor molecules for anabolic reactions
D) can no longer be oxidized

A

A) provide reducing power to fuel subsequent reactions

41
Q

The TCA cycle/Krebs cycle ________.
A) provides reducing power in the form of NADH and FADH2, and precursor molecules for anabolic reactions
B) yields 34 molecules of ATP
C) produces pyruvate as a source of electrons to drive the electron transport chain
D) is a divergent pathway that produces ATP and CO2

A

A) provides reducing power in the form of NADH and FADH2, and precursor molecules for anabolic reactions

42
Q

The TCA cycle begins when ________.
A) pyruvate from the glycolytic pathway is oxidized to acetyl-CoA, which is added to oxaloacetate
B) NADH is oxidized to NAD+, which provides a source of electrons to drive the cycle
C) ATP from the glycolytic pathway is hydrolyzed, providing the energy to start the cycle
D) pyruvate from the glycolytic pathway is added to oxaloacetate

A

A) pyruvate from the glycolytic pathway is oxidized to acetyl-CoA, which is added to oxaloacetate

43
Q

Oxidative decarboxylation takes place when pyruvate from the glycolytic pathway is oxidized, producing acetyl-CoA along with one CO2 and one NADH.

A

True

this is one of the D of the intermediates you learned.

44
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of electron transport chain length on energy production?

A

As electrons are passed from carrier to carrier, each oxidation releases enough energy to actively transport protons across a membrane, thus, the more carriers, the greater the proton motive force produced.

45
Q

The catabolism of glucose through a glycolytic pathway, followed by the TCA cycle and culminating in ATP production via the formation of a proton motive force in the electron transport chain, represents the overall reduction of glucose.

A

false

46
Q

Chemolithotrophs obtain their energy from ________.
A) inorganic molecules that are oxidized, providing electrons to create a proton motive force that drives oxidative phosphorylation
B) inorganic molecules that directly transfer a phosphate group to ATP during substrate-level phosphorylation
C) organic molecules that are oxidized via a glycolytic pathway and the TCA cycle
D) inorganic molecules that are reduced, providing electrons to create a proton motive force that drives oxidative phosphorylation

A

A inorganic molecules that are oxidized, providing electrons to create a proton motive force that drives oxidative phosphorylation

Cellbio (17 decks)

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