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MSK Block > Metabolic & Vascular > Flashcards

Metabolic & Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones regulate calcium homeostasis?

A

PTH

Vitamin D3

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2
Q

What does vitamin D do?

A

increases Ca absorption

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3
Q

What mineral is involved in the release of PTH?

A

Mg

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4
Q

What effect does vitamin D have on PTH?

A

inhibits release

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5
Q

What bone cell has PTH receptors? Function?

A

osteoblasts

activates osteoclasts via RANK

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6
Q

What is the function of PTH in the kidney?

A

get rid of phosphate

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia?

A

stones
groans
bones
psychiatric overtones

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8
Q

What 5 metabolic diseases affect bone?

A

primary/secondary hyperparathyroidism
osteomalacia
Rickets
renal osteodystrophy

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of osteomalacia?

A

vitamin D deficiency

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10
Q

What is the difference between Type 1/2 hereditary vitamin D deficiency?

A

1: defect of hydroxylase, resolves with supplementation
2: receptor defect, needs high dose supplementation and Ca

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11
Q

What is Rickets?

A

osteomalacia in growing bones

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12
Q

What is wrong in osteoporosis?

A

decreased bone quantity with normal mineralization (less trabecular bone)

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13
Q

How does osteoporosis present?

A

pathologic fracture (proximal femur, distal radius, vertebral)

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14
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

type 1 collagen defect

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15
Q

What is osteopetrosis?

A

osteoclast failure with very high density bone

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16
Q

What is Paget disease?

A

overfunction of osteoclasts

high rate of bone turnover

17
Q

What are the stages of decreased bone circulation?

A 
death of marrow and osteocytes
disappearance of osteocytes
revascularization
sclerosis/osteoporosis from hyperemia
resporption of necrotic area
weakened bone
18
Q

What is osteochondrosis?

A

vascular insult to growing bone leading to necrosis of epiphysis and closure of growth plates

19
Q

Why does hip pain refer to the knee?

A

obturator nerve

20
Q

Which bones are at risk of AVN?

A

femoral head
talus
lunate
scaphoid

21
Q

What bone is involved in Keinbock’s disease?

A

lunate

22
Q

Why is scaphoid injury a significant cause of morbidity?

A

wrist arthritis

23
Q

What is Perthes disease?

A

AVN of femoral head in kids

24
Q

What are the possible etiologies for AVN? (7)

A 
steroids
alcohol
trauma
decompression disease
Perthes
Gaucher (storage disease)
idiopathic

MSK Block (19 decks)

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