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MSK Block > Lower Extremity Path > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Path Flashcards

1
Q

How does a hip dislocation present?

A

shortened and internally rotated leg following a high energy MOI

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2
Q

What is a major complication of hip dislocation?

A

avascular necrosis

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3
Q

What is the major blood supply to the femoral head?

A

medial femoral circumflex from the profunda artery

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4
Q

How does a hip fracture present?

A

shortened and externally rotated leg after a fall

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5
Q

Which hip fracture has more difficulty healing?

A

femoral neck fracture

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6
Q

What are two important side effects of bisphosphonate?

A

AVN of the jaw

proximal femoral stress fractures

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7
Q

Where is articular hip pain felt? (arthritis)

A

anterior and groin

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8
Q

Where is trochanteric pain felt?

A

lateral

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9
Q

How does trochanteric bursitis present?

A

lateral hip pain
tenderness over greater trochanter
pain with activity
normal ROM

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10
Q

What is a common cause of femoral nerve deficit?

A

cardiac cath

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11
Q

What is a physical exam finding for hip abductor weakness?

A

Trendelenburg sign/gait:
pelvic sag away from injury
swaying over injury

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12
Q

What is the most commonly injured quad muscle?

A

rectus femoris

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13
Q

What bursa commonly get inflamed in the knee? (2)

A

prepatellar (people working on knees)

pes anserine

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14
Q

What nerve can be injured along with the LCL?

A

peroneal nerve (fibular)

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15
Q

What physical exam tests indicate ACL injury?

A

Lachman

anterior drawer

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16
Q

Why is the fibular nerve more commonly injured than the tibial?

A

it wraps around the fibular head

17
Q

What are common symptoms of meniscal injury?

A

mechanical symptoms:
locking/catching
knee effusion

18
Q

What are complications of meniscal injury?

A

poor healing

early arthritis

19
Q

What is injured in an unhappy triad injury?

A

ACL
MCL
medial meniscus

20
Q

Which meniscus is more commonly injured with an ACL tear?

A

lateral meniscus

21
Q

What is a complication of a tibia fracture?

A

compartment syndrome

22
Q

What are the 6 P’s of compartment syndrome?

A 
pain
pallor
paresthesias
pulseless
paralysis
pain out of proportion (escalating)
23
Q

In compartment syndrome, passive flexion or extension hurt worse?

A

passive extension (stretching)

24
Q

What are the most commonly sprained ankle ligaments?

A

anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

deltoid

25
Q

What is the underlying cause and pathophys of Charcot foot?

A

neuropathy (diabetes)
arch swells and collapses due to repetitive trauma
looks like infection acutely

26
Q

What is a complication of talus fracture?

A

AVN

27
Q

What is a common MOI for talus fracture?

A

forced dorsiflexion (MVA)

28
Q

What are two common causes of great toe pain?

A 
gout
hallux rigidus (OA)
29
Q

What are classic X-ray findings for OA (4)?

A

joint space narrowing
sclerosis
osteophytes (spurs)
cysts

MSK Block (19 decks)

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