Lower Extremity Path Flashcards
How does a hip dislocation present?
shortened and internally rotated leg following a high energy MOI
What is a major complication of hip dislocation?
avascular necrosis
What is the major blood supply to the femoral head?
medial femoral circumflex from the profunda artery
How does a hip fracture present?
shortened and externally rotated leg after a fall
Which hip fracture has more difficulty healing?
femoral neck fracture
What are two important side effects of bisphosphonate?
AVN of the jaw
proximal femoral stress fractures
Where is articular hip pain felt? (arthritis)
anterior and groin
Where is trochanteric pain felt?
lateral
How does trochanteric bursitis present?
lateral hip pain
tenderness over greater trochanter
pain with activity
normal ROM
What is a common cause of femoral nerve deficit?
cardiac cath
What is a physical exam finding for hip abductor weakness?
Trendelenburg sign/gait:
pelvic sag away from injury
swaying over injury
What is the most commonly injured quad muscle?
rectus femoris
What bursa commonly get inflamed in the knee? (2)
prepatellar (people working on knees)
pes anserine
What nerve can be injured along with the LCL?
peroneal nerve (fibular)
What physical exam tests indicate ACL injury?
Lachman
anterior drawer
Why is the fibular nerve more commonly injured than the tibial?
it wraps around the fibular head
What are common symptoms of meniscal injury?
mechanical symptoms:
locking/catching
knee effusion
What are complications of meniscal injury?
poor healing
early arthritis
What is injured in an unhappy triad injury?
ACL
MCL
medial meniscus
Which meniscus is more commonly injured with an ACL tear?
lateral meniscus
What is a complication of a tibia fracture?
compartment syndrome
What are the 6 P’s of compartment syndrome?
pain pallor paresthesias pulseless paralysis pain out of proportion (escalating)
In compartment syndrome, passive flexion or extension hurt worse?
passive extension (stretching)
What are the most commonly sprained ankle ligaments?
anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
deltoid
What is the underlying cause and pathophys of Charcot foot?
neuropathy (diabetes)
arch swells and collapses due to repetitive trauma
looks like infection acutely
What is a complication of talus fracture?
AVN
What is a common MOI for talus fracture?
forced dorsiflexion (MVA)
What are two common causes of great toe pain?
gout hallux rigidus (OA)
What are classic X-ray findings for OA (4)?
joint space narrowing
sclerosis
osteophytes (spurs)
cysts
